Measurement and interpretation of the magneto-electric effect in TbPO₄

A short review of the magnetoelectric effect and related experimental techniques on single phase (multi-) ferroics

“…at constant magnetic fields, with a small DC magnetic field, to maintain the domains during heating, superimposed and parallel to the AC magnetic field. The magnetic phase transition TN2 = 2.18 K is not so well observed than with crystal #1, as in reference [11].…”

“…Between T N 1 and T N 2 the magnetic symmetry is tetragonal 4 /m mm , with T N 1 being the upper magnetic phase transition to the paramagnetic phase. Below T N 2 , the symmetry is most probably monoclinic 2 /m [11], with a unit cell (x, y) rotated by 45 • around the tetragonal axis (z-axis). A detailed analysis of the domains in this phase is described in [11].…”

“…Below T N 2 , the symmetry is most probably monoclinic 2 /m [11], with a unit cell (x, y) rotated by 45 • around the tetragonal axis (z-axis). A detailed analysis of the domains in this phase is described in [11]. This type of crystal was repeatedly measured in the past [11,69] because it was claimed to have at low temperature the largest linear ME effect of any crystals.…”

“…A detailed analysis of the domains in this phase is described in [11]. This type of crystal was repeatedly measured in the past [11,69] because it was claimed to have at low temperature the largest linear ME effect of any crystals. Unfortunately, it was not clear whether not rationalized Gaussian or rationalized Gaussian units where used in [69].…”

“…Unfortunately, it was not clear whether not rationalized Gaussian or rationalized Gaussian units where used in [69]. In [11,45] and [46] only relative values of α(T ) where measured and discussed. Here, two crystals of TbPO 4 , a (110) tetragonal crystal cut (# 1: S x ≈ (1.90 ± 0.10) mm 2 , thickness t y ≈ (340 ± 6) μm) and a (100) tetragonal crystal cut (# 2: S a ≈ ?…”