Measurement and interpretation of ion density distributions in the daytime<i>F</i>region

Sagalyn, R. C.; Smiddy, M.; Wisnia, J.

doi:10.1029/jz068i001p00199

Cited by 60 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As in the case of the DUSTY instrument, measured currents are converted to electron number densities applying standard probe theory (e.g. Sagalyn et al, 1963;Smiddy and Stuart, 1969). Havnes et al (1996b) and Lübken et al (1998), copyright by the American Geophysical Union.…”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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Small scale density variations of electrons and charged particles in the vicinity of polar mesosphere summer echoes

Rapp¹,

Lübken²,

Blix

2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We present small scale variations of electron number densities and particle charge number densities measured in situ in the presence of polar mesosphere summer echoes. It turns out that the small scale fluctuations of electrons and negatively charged particles show a strong anticorrelation down to the smallest scales observed. Comparing these small scale structures with the simultaneously measured radar signal to noise profile, we find that the radar profile is well described by the power spectral density of both electrons and charged particles at the radar half wavelength (=the Bragg scale). Finally, we consider the shape of the power spectra of the observed plasma fluctuations and find that both charged particles and electrons show spectra that can be explained in terms of either neutral air turbulence acting on the distribution of a low diffusivity tracer or the fossil remnants of a formerly active turbulent region. All these results are consistent with the theoretical ideas by Rapp and Lübken (2003) suggesting that PMSE can be explained by a combination of active and fossil neutral air turbulence acting on the large and heavy charged aerosol particles which are subsequently mirrored in the electron number density distribution that becomes visible to a VHF radar when small scale fluctuations are present.

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Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using probe theory (e.g. Sagalyn et al, 1963;Smiddy and Stuart, 1969) the measured currents are converted to charge number densities of aerosol particles. For more details on the DUSTY instrument see the papers by Havnes et al (1996a) and Havnes et al (1996b).…”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Small scale density variations of electrons and charged particles in the vicinity of polar mesosphere summer echoes

Rapp¹,

Lübken²,

Blix

2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…for a Langmuir 183 probe where its potential directly determines the collected current (Sagalyn and184 Smiddy, 1963, Blix et al, 1990). On Hotpay 2 the probe was mounted on a rigid 185 boom on the uppermost deck and thus observed negligible spin modulation, yielding 186 ion densities with good height resolution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined rocket-borne and ground-based study of the sodium layer and charged dust in the upper mesosphere

Plane

Saunders

Hedin

et al. 2014

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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“…The function f (V ) is a function of the payload potential (floating potential) V , and requires a special probe mode and analysis (Sagalyn et al, 1963). This mode was not available on these instruments, so f (V ) is set to unity (Folkestad, 1970).…”

Section: Instrumentation and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positive ion density was measured using a Positive Ion Probe (PIP) (Blix et al, 1990b;Sagalyn et al, 1963) in the front of the payload. These PIPs consisted of an outer grid (25 mm diameter) at payload potential (floating potential) and an inner electrode biased at −6 V relative to the outer grid, thus attracting positive ions.…”

Section: Instrumentation and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rocket measurements of positive ions during polar mesosphere winter echo conditions

Brattli

Blix²,

Lie-Svendsen³

et al. 2006

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. On 18 January 2005, two small, instrumented rockets were launched from Andøya Rocket Range (69.3 • N, 16 • E) during conditions with Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes (PMWE). Each of the rockets was equipped with a Positive Ion Probe (PIP) and a Faraday rotation/differential absorption experiment, and was launched as part of a salvo of meteorological rockets measuring temperature and wind using falling spheres and chaff. Layers of PMWE were detected between 55 and 77 km by the 53.5 MHz ALWIN radar. The rockets were launched during a solar proton event, and measured extremely high ion densities, of order 10 10 m −3 , in the region where PMWE were observed. The density measurements were analyzed with the wavelet transform technique. At large length scales, ∼10 3 m, the power spectral density can be fitted with a k −3 wave number dependence, consistent with saturated gravity waves. Outside the PMWE layers the k −3 spectrum extends down to approximately 10 2 m where the fluctuations are quickly damped and disappear into the instrumental noise. Inside the PMWE layers the spectrum at smaller length scales is well fitted with a k −5/3 dependence over two decades of scales. The PMWE are therefore clearly indicative of turbulence, and the data are consistent with the turbulent dissipation of breaking gravity waves. We estimate a lower limit for the turbulent energy dissipation rate of about 10 −2 W/kg in the upper (72 km) layer.

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Measurement and interpretation of ion density distributions in the daytimeFregion

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

Small scale density variations of electrons and charged particles in the vicinity of polar mesosphere summer echoes

Small scale density variations of electrons and charged particles in the vicinity of polar mesosphere summer echoes

A combined rocket-borne and ground-based study of the sodium layer and charged dust in the upper mesosphere

Rocket measurements of positive ions during polar mesosphere winter echo conditions

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