2007
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/47/473201
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Measurement and interpretation of elastic and viscoelastic properties with the atomic force microscope

Abstract: This review focuses upon the measurement of force, indentation, and deformation with the atomic force microscope (AFM). Measurement and theory for elastic and viscoelastic particles and substrates are covered, as well as for deformable fluid drops and bubbles. A brief review is given of papers that use tapping mode imaging, normal and lateral force modulation, noise spectra, and indentation measurements. Measurement and calibration techniques that are essential for quantitative results with the AFM are discuss… Show more

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Cited by 60 publications
(73 citation statements)
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References 133 publications
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“…Viscoelastic relaxation can be measured with AFM by determining the dissipation energy from the hysteresis between the loading and unloading segments of the force curve. 10 The work of Attard 10 provided an excellent overview of the extensive research of late regarding viscoelasticity at nanometer length scales. In spite of the variety of AFM imaging methods developed, none has been used to determine viscoelastic properties quantitatively.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Viscoelastic relaxation can be measured with AFM by determining the dissipation energy from the hysteresis between the loading and unloading segments of the force curve. 10 The work of Attard 10 provided an excellent overview of the extensive research of late regarding viscoelasticity at nanometer length scales. In spite of the variety of AFM imaging methods developed, none has been used to determine viscoelastic properties quantitatively.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Problemas de interação permanente sonda-amostra em espécimes biológicos são de difícil solução com sondas convencionais de AFM como a utilizada neste estudo, pois dependem da geometria da ponta, força de indentação e viscosidade da amostra. 4,7,22 Entretanto, a introdução de sondas especialmente desenhadas para indentação de materiais biológicos permite a resolução da maioria deles. 13 Assim, Charras e cols., 9 em células submetidas à nanoindentação-AFM, conseguiram determinar a distribuição das tensões, o módulo de elasticidade e a deformação induzida resultante da indentação.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Assim, já que a modulação temporal-espacial das propriedades mecânicas da célula está intimamente relacionada a importantes processos fisiológicos e aferições das propriedades viscoelásticas de células vivas mediante nanoindentação-AFM devem proporcionar valiosa informação desses processos. 1,4,7,13 Entretanto, deve-se considerar que os resultados baseados em medidas de nanoindentação por AFM são altamente dependentes do modelo teórico usado na sua interpretação 28 e que propriedades elásticas podem ser obtidas qualitativamente mediante outros modos de operação do AFM, como força modulada. 26 Finalmente, a mecanotransdução dos estímulos físicos implica a deformação de canais iônicos e modificações do citoesqueleto.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…The velocity of the cantilever during force curves was restricted to a maximum of 2 µm/s in order to minimize any hydrodynamic force contribution. 31,32 A. Cantilever calibration Quantitative AFM force measurements require the accurate calibration of the cantilever. For optical lever systems this involves calculating (i) the cantilever stiffness and (ii) optical lever sensitivity, OLS.…”
Section: Cantilever Modification For Whole Cell Deformationmentioning
confidence: 99%