Abstract:The cycling activity has increased in recent years, either as a means of leisure or physical activity or as means of transport. Discomfort is one of the main complaints for cyclists, especially when related to the type o pavement they use while riding. This work presents a study of measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-arm vibration in the leisure cyclist activity in different pavements in order to classify according to vibration discomfort and to vibration injury risk. Methods: Vibration measur… Show more
“…The measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-arm vibration in relation to the pavement surface type has been examined in previous literature. Gomes and Savionek (2014) conducted hand-arm vibration exposure on three pavement surface types: asphalt, precast concrete and interlocking concrete blocks. Using a tri-axial piezoelectric accelerometer fixed to the handle bars, daily exposure to vibration (A(8)) for a daily duration of exposure of two hours (T=2 hrs) was considered to represent an average exposure time for leisure cycling purposes.…”
A defective pavement surface discourages cyclists from selecting certain routes and vibration exposure is a noticeable consequence of reduced path surface quality. Current asset management practice includes walkover surveys and cyclists reporting defects direct to the local authority. The research proposes the use of an instrumented probe bicycle to collect data for the assessment of pavement condition and rider comfort. Furthermore, the collection of hand-arm vibration exposure data is proposed as a means of assessing pavement surface condition and suitability. Hand-arm vibration exposure has been measured in compliance with EN ISO 5349-1:2001. Root-mean-square vibration total values, vibration dose value and exposure values (15, 30 and 60 minutes) are provided for 13.682 km of pavement surface. The vibration exposure values are compared to the EU Directive 2002/44/EC11. Power spectral analysis is also provided to indicate power transferred to the cyclist hands and arms. The collated vibration data may be used as a means of assessing pavement surface condition. Such data may prove beneficial for local authority asset management associated with resurfacing or repair works.
“…The measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-arm vibration in relation to the pavement surface type has been examined in previous literature. Gomes and Savionek (2014) conducted hand-arm vibration exposure on three pavement surface types: asphalt, precast concrete and interlocking concrete blocks. Using a tri-axial piezoelectric accelerometer fixed to the handle bars, daily exposure to vibration (A(8)) for a daily duration of exposure of two hours (T=2 hrs) was considered to represent an average exposure time for leisure cycling purposes.…”
A defective pavement surface discourages cyclists from selecting certain routes and vibration exposure is a noticeable consequence of reduced path surface quality. Current asset management practice includes walkover surveys and cyclists reporting defects direct to the local authority. The research proposes the use of an instrumented probe bicycle to collect data for the assessment of pavement condition and rider comfort. Furthermore, the collection of hand-arm vibration exposure data is proposed as a means of assessing pavement surface condition and suitability. Hand-arm vibration exposure has been measured in compliance with EN ISO 5349-1:2001. Root-mean-square vibration total values, vibration dose value and exposure values (15, 30 and 60 minutes) are provided for 13.682 km of pavement surface. The vibration exposure values are compared to the EU Directive 2002/44/EC11. Power spectral analysis is also provided to indicate power transferred to the cyclist hands and arms. The collated vibration data may be used as a means of assessing pavement surface condition. Such data may prove beneficial for local authority asset management associated with resurfacing or repair works.
“…Results showed that the handlebar and fork were the main contributors of vibration induced at the hands, whilst the frame and wheels were the main components associated with vibration induced at the buttocks of the cyclist (Lépine et al 2015). Gomes and Savionek (2014) conducted hand-arm vibration exposure assessment on a range of pavement surfaces including asphalt, precast concrete and interlocking concrete blocks.…”
Limited information is currently available regarding the hand-arm vibration (HAV) exposure for professional off-road cyclists. Previous reports have suggested that commuting and recreational cyclists are at risk of exceeding exposure limit values (ELV) in a single ride and, therefore, further investigation of HAV exposure in competitive mountain biking is warranted. Partial and total eight hour exposure data (Ai(8), A(8), ms-2) are presented for a national level mountain bike race. Assessment of hand-arm vibration meets the requirements of BS EN ISO 5349-1:2001 (BSI 2001) whereby recording frequency was 3.2 kHz and frequency weighting filters were applied (Wh). The data presented shows that HAV exposure during one day of competitive enduro mountain bike racing exceeds ELV and is greater than the HAV exposure observed in recreational cycling. This suggests that further work is required to determine the exposure associated with changes in equipment, technique and international racing events in professional athletes.
“…The maximum input acceleration over the course of measurement was 5 m/s 2 , which is far below the safe threshold defined by International Standard Organization (ISO 5349-1:2011) for exposure to vibration for less than 5 min. [ 26 ]. The transverse movement of the shaker head relative to the skin was constrained using a three-dimensional (3D) printed component, fixed on the tibia with an elastic band, minimizing the effects of lateral motion [ 18 ].…”
Injuries and disorders affecting the knee joint are very common in athletes and older individuals. Passive and active vibration methods, such as acoustic emissions and modal analysis, are extensively used in both industry and the medical field to diagnose structural faults and disorders. To maximize the diagnostic potential of such vibration methods for knee injuries and disorders, a better understanding of the vibroacoustic characteristics of the knee must be developed. In this study, the linearity and vibration transmissibility of the human knee were investigated based on measurements collected on healthy subjects. Different subjects exhibit a substantially different transmissibility behavior due to variances in subject-specific knee structures. Moreover, the vibration behaviors of various subjects’ knees at different leg positions were compared. Variation in sagittal-plane knee angle alters the transmissibility of the joint, while the overall shape of the transmissibility diagrams remains similar. The results demonstrate that an adjusted stimulation signal at frequencies higher than 3 kHz has the potential to be employed in diagnostic applications that are related to knee joint health. This work can pave the way for future studies aimed at employing acoustic emission and modal analysis approaches for knee health monitoring outside of clinical settings, such as for field-deployable diagnostics.
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