Measurement and Estimation of Renal Size by Computed Tomography in Korean Children

Park, Chan Won; Yu, Nali; Yun, Sin Weon; Chae, Soo Ahn; Lee, Na Mi; Yi, Dae Yong; Choi, Young Bae; Lim, In Seok

doi:10.3346/jkms.2017.32.3.448

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…They observed that the increase in the RL is much more rapid during the first years of life. [7][8][9]11,12] The results of our study were in accordance with the findings of those studies.…”

Section: Discussıonsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Some studies suggest that girls have smaller kidneys, while other studies indicate no differences in renal size between the genders. [7,[9][10][11][12][13] In our study, there were no significant differences in RL with respect to gender (p>0.05), which was not a determining factor of organ size within this age group. Table 3 compares the data of our study with those of Konuş et al [9] and Otiv et al [11] As the age groups were different in those studies, we attempted to align the groups as closely as possible.…”

Section: Discussıoncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…There were discrepancies in sizes between the right and the left kidney. [10][11][12][13] In our study, the left kidney was significantly larger than the right kidney (p<0.001). For this reason, the size of both kidneys should be measured separately.…”

Section: Discussıonmentioning

confidence: 42%

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Ultrasonographic assessment of renal length of 310 Turkish children in the Eastern Anatolia region.

Özdikici

2018

S Afr J CH

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The kidneys are paired organs, placed symmetrically retroperitoneal in the abdominal region. The size of the kidney varies with age and there may also be racial differences in renal length (RL). It is important to have a reliable reference to kidney size in children [1-6] as many diseases lead to an increase or decrease in renal size. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive modality that can be used to measure RL. [2] The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between RL and age, body height and weight, respectively, in healthy Turkish children (0-16 years old) in the Eastern Anatolia region using ultrasonography. Methods This retrospective study was approved by the Erzurum State Hospital Ethics Committee (ref. no. Erzurum BEAH KAEK 2016/12-114) and included children who were referred to the Radiology Department at Erzurum State Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, for ultrasonography for any reason unrelated to the kidneys. Over the course of ~2 years, all normal cases were selected for inclusion in the study. Ultrasonography was performed using an ultrasound unit with a 3.5 MHz convex transducer. RL measurements were performed in the sagittal plane, with children in the supine position. The distance between the top and bottom poles of both kidneys was measured (Fig. 1). Body parameters such as gender, age, body height, and weight were determined and the data were divided into 11 age groups. Measurements were analysed separately for the right and left kidneys, within each age group. Data were analysed using SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). Pearson's correlation coefficients and simple regression analysis were used. Background. Kidney size varies with age in children. It is therefore clear that a standardisation of measurements by age group is required. Objectives. To determine the normal renal length of healthy children in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey using ultrasonography and to study the relationship between renal length and sex, age, body height and weight, repsectively. Methods. A retrospective study of 310 children aged 0-16 years (150 girls and 160 boys) was performed. The children were divided into 11 age groups. Scanning was performed with a 3.5 MHz ultrasound probe in the supine position. The ultrasonographic appearance of the kidneys we measured was normal. The maximum length of each kidney was measured. The renal length was correlated with somatic parameters including age, body height and weight. Regression equations were derived for each pair of dependent and independent variables. Results. No difference was found between the renal lengths of the boys and girls (p>0.05). The mean left renal length was greater than the right renal length, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Renal length showed the strongest correlation with body height (r=0.966 and r=0.958 for the right and left kidneys, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion. It is important to know the limits of kidney size on ultrasound examination. We found that renal length showed the strongest correlation with...

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Section: Discussıonsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussıoncontrasting

confidence: 61%

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Ultrasonographic assessment of renal length of 310 Turkish children in the Eastern Anatolia region.

Özdikici

2018

S Afr J CH

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“…Hence in many manuscripts two regression models have been mentioned for different age groups [3]. The left kidney has been described as having a greater longitudinal length than the right [4–7]. Hence in the literature different regression models have been proposed for left and right kidneys [1, 2, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic length of morphologically-normal kidneys in children presented to a premier tertiary healthcare setting of Sri Lanka

Duminda¹,

Pathirana

Fernando

et al. 2019

BMC Nephrol

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Background Accurate prediction of reference ranges of renal lengths facilitates clinical decision making. Currently a single renal-length-reference chart is used for both kidneys, which is solely based on the age of the child without adjusting for anthropometrics. Objective of the study is to assess the length of morphologically-normal kidneys ultrasonically and to build models to predict the renal lengths of children presenting at the Radiology Department of Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children. Methods A descriptive cross sectional study was done among 424 children with 233 males and 191 females at the study setting. Study population included children undergoing abdominal ultrasound scans for indications not related to renal disease. Children with a family history of renal diseases or with morphologically-abnormal kidneys were excluded. Bipolar-lengths of kidneys, gender and anthropometrics were documented. Having tested for assumptions, Wilcoxon-signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U test and multiple linear regression were used. Results The mean (SD) bipor-length of right and left kidneys were 6.83 (1.43) and 7.05 (1.36) respectively ( p < 0.001). Age, height and weight were significantly correlated with the renal lengths ( p < 0.05). Until 16 months, there was a significant difference between the renal lengths between males and females ( P < 0.05). Yet the association with gender was not significant from 17 months and in overall. Until 16 months, the best linear-regression equation ( p < 0.001) for the left kidney was; 3.827 + 0.019(length in centimeters) + 0.141(weight in kilograms) - 0.023(age in months) - 0.347(for male sex). For the right kidney, it was; 3.888 + 0.020(length or height) + 0.121(weight) - 0.037(age) - 0.372 (for male sex). The respective R squares were 59.2 and 53.5% with VIF (Variance-Inflation-Factor) ranging from 1.06 to 2.08. From 17 months, best equation for left kidney (p < 0.001) was; 5.651+ 0.022(age) + 0.01(BMI). For right kidney it was; 5.336 + 0.022(age) + 0.012(BMI). The R squares were 62.5 and 66.1% with VIF being 1. Conclusions The established models explain more variability for children above 17 months. Both renal lengths are affected significant by the body’s’ anthropometric parameters. For each kidney, separate normograms of renal lengths which are local-context-specific must be prepared. Further research must be promoted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-019-1377-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…We took measurements of both the right and left kidneys and calculated their mean values. Renal volume was calculated in cubic centimeters using the following formula: renal volume (cm 3 ) = length × width × depth × π/6.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using kidney size for early detection of contrast‐induced nephropathy in the emergency department setting

Hongo

Tsuchiya

Inaba

et al. 2018

Acute Medicine & Surgery

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AimWe aimed to examine the relationship between kidney size and contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients who underwent contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective observational study was undertaken to evaluate risk factors for CIN at Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital (Okayama, Japan) from January 2014 through to December 2016. Contrast‐induced nephropathy was defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine level of ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% over the baseline value within 72 h after contrast‐enhanced CT. Independent risk factors for CIN were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. The thickness of the kidney was evaluated as a predictor of CIN using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We also analyzed CIN as an outcome using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe incidence of CIN was 26/262 (9.9%). In the multivariate analysis, CIN was associated with renal thickness (odds ratio = 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.81). No patient underwent renal replacement therapy.ConclusionRenal thickness could be used as a reliable, simple, and easily obtainable marker for identifying CIN in patients undergoing contrast‐enhanced CT in the emergency department.

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Measurement and Estimation of Renal Size by Computed Tomography in Korean Children

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Ultrasonographic assessment of renal length of 310 Turkish children in the Eastern Anatolia region.

Ultrasonographic assessment of renal length of 310 Turkish children in the Eastern Anatolia region.

Ultrasonographic length of morphologically-normal kidneys in children presented to a premier tertiary healthcare setting of Sri Lanka

Using kidney size for early detection of contrast‐induced nephropathy in the emergency department setting

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