Measurement and Detection of Radiation

Tsoulfanidis, Nicholas

doi:10.1201/9781439894651

Cited by 114 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…The linear attenuation coefficient, µ is equivalent to 122 the total probability of x-ray photon-material interaction ton scatter, or pair production [25]. Eq.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring moisture movements in building materials using X-ray attenuation: Influence of beam-hardening of polychromatic X-ray photon beams

Pease

Scheffler²,

Janssen

2012

Construction and Building Materials

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X-ray attenuation measurements are commonly used as a non-destructive method to monitor internal concentration changes of moisture (i.e., moisture content) and other chemical compounds in porous building materials. The technique provides direct measurements of moisture content changes through analysis with a composite model consisting of a dry porous material and a thickness of water equivalent to the moisture content of the material. The current formulation of this composite model relies on certain assumptions, including a monochromatic x-ray photon beam source (i.e., x-ray photons of a single, consistent energy) and that interactions between the x-ray photons and the materials (water and porous material) are independent. However, x-ray sources typically used by researchers in this field of study produce x-ray photon beams over a spectrum of energy levels, or polychromatic x-ray photons. Implications of this inconsistency are introduced and discussed. This paper presents both an overview of fundamental descriptions of the x-ray attenuation measurement technique and results from a parametric experimental study of various porous construction materials, including calcium silicate board, aerated autoclaved concrete, clay brick, cementitious materials, and wood. Results from the parametric investigation indicate the attenuation coefficient of water is dependent on the type and thickness of the porous material.

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“…The linear attenuation coefficient, µ is equivalent to 122 the total probability of x-ray photon-material interaction ton scatter, or pair production [25]. Eq.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring moisture movements in building materials using X-ray attenuation: Influence of beam-hardening of polychromatic X-ray photon beams

Pease

Scheffler²,

Janssen

2012

Construction and Building Materials

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“…EPJ Web of Conferences 170, 04018 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817004018 ANIMMA 2017 purity neon gas to 30 psig. Neon was of particular interest as an ionization gas because of its higher charge-carrier mobility and average ionization energy compared to argon [9]. Although not necessary for testing at the KSU TRIGA Mk.…”

Section: Sensor Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Testing of a Modular Micro-Pocket Fission Detector Instrumentation System for Test Nuclear Reactors

et al. 2018

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Abstract-Advancements in nuclear reactor core modeling and computational capability have encouraged further development of in-core neutron sensors. Measurement of the neutron-flux distribution within the reactor core provides a more complete understanding of the operating conditions in the reactor than typical ex-core sensors. Micro-Pocket Fission Detectors have been developed and tested previously but have been limited to singlenode operation and have utilized highly specialized designs. The development of a widely deployable, multi-node Micro-Pocket Fission Detector assembly will enhance nuclear research capabilities. A modular, four-node Micro-Pocket Fission Detector array was designed, fabricated, and tested at Kansas State University. The array was constructed from materials that do not significantly perturb the neutron flux in the reactor core. All four sensor nodes were equally spaced axially in the array to span the fuel-region of the reactor core. The array was filled with neon gas, serving as an ionization medium in the small cavities of the MicroPocket Fission Detectors. The modular design of the instrument facilitates the testing and deployment of numerous sensor arrays. The unified design drastically improved device ruggedness and simplified construction from previous designs. Five 8-mm penetrations in the upper grid plate of the Kansas State University TRIGA Mk. II research nuclear reactor were utilized to deploy the array between fuel elements in the core. The Micro-Pocket Fission Detector array was coupled to an electronic support system which has been specially developed to support pulse-mode operation. The Micro-Pocket Fission Detector array composed of four sensors was used to monitor local neutron flux at a constant reactor power of 100 kWth at different axial locations simultaneously. The array was positioned at five different radial locations within the core to emulate the deployment of multiple arrays and develop a 2-dimensional measurement of neutron flux in the reactor core.

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“…The HPGe crystal density is 5.35 g/cc. HPGe crystal is sensitive to the high energy neutrons, which cause detector damage (Tsoulfanidis & Landsberger, 2010). High energy neutrons produce charges in the germanium crystal which are adding noise to the collected gamma ray spectrum (Ljungvall & Nyberg, 2005).…”

Section: Gamma Ray Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%