Measurement and characterization of angular reflectance for cube-corners and microspheres

Seward, George H.

doi:10.1117/1.602077

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Furthermore spherical microbead retroreflectors have been shown to suffer from highly angular retroreflectance, requiring higher numerical aperture optics to collect more of the retroreflected light. 23 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspended, micron-scale corner cube retroreflectors as ultra-bright optical labels

Sherlock¹,

Nasrullah²,

Litvinov³

et al. 2011

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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Corner cube retroreflectors are objects with three mutually perpendicular reflective surfaces that return light directly to its source and are therefore extremely bright and easy to detect. In this work, we have fabricated suspended corner cube retroreflectors, 5 microns in size, consisting of a transparent epoxy core and three surfaces coated with gold as ultra-bright labels for use in a rapid, low-labor diagnostic platform. The authors have demonstrated that individual cubes are easily imaged using low-cost, low numerical aperture objectives in suspension and that they remain suspended over long periods of time. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the gold outer surfaces can be decorated with proteins, and that individual cubes can be bound to magnetic sample preparation particles bearing antibodies which recognize these proteins. The bound cubes can be imaged and tracked as they move through solution in response to an external magnetic field, and we have, as such, demonstrated the principle of the new biosensing approach.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspended, micron-scale corner cube retroreflectors as ultra-bright optical labels

Sherlock¹,

Nasrullah²,

Litvinov³

et al. 2011

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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show abstract

“…The change in Retroreflection index has been measured as a function of N and ûN during the surface finishing process, where the front surface (incidence face) has been completely finished with high precision [1,2] (N= 0.196, ûN = 0.2), as it is shown in Figure 1. Note that the high precision of surface orthogonality and quality and flatness factors of surfaces have been taken into account in the design chart and that interference photos and measurements have been taken for each step as it is shown in As we can see from the figure, there are two sectors that are more opaque than the others, and this is one of the common defects that appear during the manufacturing process of corner cubes and prisms in general.…”

Section: Retroreflection Index Change As a Function Of And δmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and Reflective Characteristics Measurement and Focal Length Calculation of a Hollow Tetrahedral Corner and a Solid Highly Retroreflective Cubes

Marouf

2019

International Journal of Optics

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“…However, it is interesting to note that the centre of the envelope remains in the same position at −15 • . This indicates that even for micro-sized periodic retroreflectors reflected energy is directed towards the direction of the geometrical retroreflector, though actual directions of component plane waves are dispersed to discrete directions determined by equation (2).…”

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps the most straightforward way is using three mutually perpendicular reflecting planes [1] and a typical example is provided by a corner cube ( figure 1(a)). There are also retroreflectors based on different principles: microspheres [2], combination of two spherical surfaces [3], GRIN rods [4] and GRIN spheres [5]. Retroreflectors have a wide range of applications such as accurate measurement of distances [6,7], as laser cavity mirrors [8,9] and in safety devices including road signs [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of microretroreflectors: transition from reflection to diffraction

Ichikawa¹

2004

J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.

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When a retroreflector has periodic structure, it also behaves as a diffraction grating. When its period becomes shorter, the effect of diffraction is more dominant than that of reflection. In particular, when the period steps into the resonance domain, the retroreflector no longer functions, because the number of diffraction orders decreases significantly and diffraction to the desired direction does not exist. Here, behaviours of micro-sized metallic and perfectly conducting retroreflectors of corner cube type over the period range of 1-100 wavelengths are analysed electromagnetically with the C method. Generally, metals and perfect conductors exhibit similar tendencies for TE polarization, but there are big differences in some cases for TM polarization, possibly owing to surface plasmon resonance. As an example application of periodic retroreflectors, object detection is considered and the required conditions for valid usage are provided.

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Measurement and characterization of angular reflectance for cube-corners and microspheres

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Suspended, micron-scale corner cube retroreflectors as ultra-bright optical labels

Suspended, micron-scale corner cube retroreflectors as ultra-bright optical labels

Optical and Reflective Characteristics Measurement and Focal Length Calculation of a Hollow Tetrahedral Corner and a Solid Highly Retroreflective Cubes

Numerical analysis of microretroreflectors: transition from reflection to diffraction

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