Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard

Rakib, Muhammad Iftekharul; Evans, Samuel P.; Clausen, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.058

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Both Case 1 [35] and Case 2 [60] reveal a lower performance, most likely associated to the prevalence of wind speeds below the typical cut-in values for the considered wind turbines. A smaller degree of variation is also observed, compared to the previously discussed cases, which have significant production in the beyond-rated range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the IEC standard, a GF of 1.4 ensures that a SWT under the corresponding reference wind speed, will be safe under 3-second gusts; for these cases, the reference wind speed refers to 10 min average measurements [62]. The GF model is simple but it does not represent the real gust profile [60]. Into the EWC regime, the Extreme Operating Gust (EOG) stands that gust magnitude over N years at the hub height is [51]:…”

Section: Standard Iec 61400-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rakib et al [60] compared the standard IEC 61400-2 parameters with real operation measurements of 5 kW HAWT with two blades and a rotor diameter of 5 m. The study employed three 3D ultrasonic anemometers installed at the height of 15 m on the wind turbine tower. The system was located at the University of Newcastle (Australia).…”

Section: Turbulence Effects On Wind Profiles and Stws Perfomancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wind speed was monitored over twelve months with a frequency of 20 Hz. With real data, Rakib et al [60] calculated the gust factor GF and compared it with the standard model. Authors concluded that standard IEC-61400.2 did not represent the gust profile within an urban area.…”

Section: Turbulence Effects On Wind Profiles and Stws Perfomancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Technological and Operational Aspects That Limit Small Wind Turbines Performance

et al. 2020

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Small Wind Turbines (SWTs) are promissory for distributed generation using renewable energy sources; however, their deployment in a broad sense requires to address topics related to their cost-efficiency. This paper aims to survey recent developments about SWTs holistically, focusing on multidisciplinary aspects such as wind resource assessment, rotor aerodynamics, rotor manufacturing, control systems, and hybrid micro-grid integration. Wind resource produces inputs for the rotor’s aerodynamic design that, in turn, defines a blade shape that needs to be achieved by a manufacturing technique while ensuring structural integrity. A control system may account for the rotor’s aerodynamic performance interacting with an ever-varying wind resource. At the end, the concept of integration with other renewable source is justified, according to the inherent variability of wind generation. Several commercially available SWTs are compared to study how some of the previously mentioned aspects impact performance and Cost of Electricity (CoE). Understanding these topics in the whole view may permit to identify both tendencies and unexplored topics to continue expanding SWTs market.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Standard Iec 61400-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Turbulence Effects On Wind Profiles and Stws Perfomancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Turbulence Effects On Wind Profiles and Stws Perfomancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Technological and Operational Aspects That Limit Small Wind Turbines Performance

et al. 2020

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“…It has been shown in literature 20‐22 that many small wind turbines spend a significant portion of their life operating below their rated performance. The impact of turbulent effects are not accurately captured. Small wind turbines are often sited in regions of highly turbulent or gusty flow 7,23 . While the inlet wind model and SLM are based on open‐terrain and steady‐state loading, sustained operation in these conditions is likely to be rare. There is no inclusion of the blade gyroscopic moment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method for modelling fatigue spectra of small wind turbine blades

et al. 2020

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Small‐scale wind turbines have market opportunities in distributed energy generation applications but face future challenges in remaining cost competitive compared with solar photovoltaic systems. High unit costs can be attributed to design conservatism when calculating fatigue loads of key structural components such as the blades. In this study, we use the aeroelastic software FAST to highlight limitations of the International Electrotechnical Commission 61400‐2:2013 small wind turbine design standard for calculating fatigue life using the simplified load model. We present a modified method for calculating the fatigue spectra of small wind turbine blades. An advantage of this method is that it does not require complex aeroelastic simulations or field measurements. This modified method is intended to be implemented early in the blade design stage, such as during rotor optimization simulations, allowing for multiple rotor configurations to be rapidly compared.

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Comparative analysis of control methods for a wind turbine in normal and gusty conditions

Yiza,

Dantas,

Hur

2024

Control Engineering Practice

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Measured gust events in the urban environment, a comparison with the IEC standard

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Technological and Operational Aspects That Limit Small Wind Turbines Performance

Technological and Operational Aspects That Limit Small Wind Turbines Performance

A simple method for modelling fatigue spectra of small wind turbine blades

Comparative analysis of control methods for a wind turbine in normal and gusty conditions

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