MEASURE: Multiplex Exhaled Breath Condensate – Scanning Using Rapid Electro-Analytics

Abstract

Exhaled breath condensate is an emerging source of inflammatory biomarkers suitable for the noninvasive detection of respiratory disorders. Current gold standard methods are highly invasive and pose challenges in sample collection during airway inflammation monitoring. Cytokine biomarkers are detectable in EBC at increased or decreased concentrations. IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, and hs-CRP are characteristic biomarkers identified in respiratory disorders. We have demonstrated the promising outcomes of a 16plexed electrochemical platform − READ 2.0 for the multiplexed detection of characteristic biomarkers in EBC. The sensor demonstrates dynamic ranges of 1−243 pg/mL with a lower detection limit of 1 pg/mL for IL-6 and IL-1β, while the detection range and limit of detection for IL-8 and hs-CRP is 1−150 pg/mL and 3 pg/mL, respectively. The detection accuracies for the biomarkers are in the range of ∼85 ± 15% to ∼100 ± 10%. The sensor shows a nonspecific response to similar cross-reacting biomarkers. Analytical validation of the sensor with ELISA as the standard reference generated a correlation of R 2 > 0.96 and mean biases of 10.9, 3.5, 17.4, and 3.9 pg/mL between the two methods for IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, and hs-CRP, respectively. The precision of the sensor in detecting low biomarker concentrations yields a %CV of <7%. The variation in the sensor's response on repeat EBC sample measurements and within a 6 h duration is less than 10%. The READ 2.0 platform shows a promise that EBC-based biomarker detection can prove to be vital in predicting the severity and survival rates of respiratory disorders and serve as a reference point for monitoring EBC-based biomarkers.

Ppb-Level Ammonia Sensor for Exhaled Breath Diagnosis Based on UV-DOAS Combined with Spectral Reconstruction Fitting Neural Network

“…Levels of such substances always correlate with the severity of specific diseases and are biomarkers for health disorders. Measuring these substances makes it possible to early identify and treat various diseases in the medical field. − In particular, ammonia (NH 3 ) in EB is used as a biomarker for screening and diagnosis of liver and kidney impairment. − Since kidney injury can indirectly affect liver function, leading to changes in NH 3 concentration in exhaled breath, the development of ultrasensitive online NH 3 sensor at parts per billion (ppb) level for detecting breath NH 3 is a matter of urgency.…”