Measure-based modeling and FPGA implementation of RF Power Amplifier using a multi-layer perceptron neural network

FPGA-based test bed for measurement of AM/AM and AM/PM distortion and modeling memory effects in RF PAs

“…To do this, it is necessary to model the memory effects, for which some techniques have already been described at the hardware emulation level in [26][27][28]. To estimate the phase behavior, these techniques use the digitalized PA behavior based on Simulink, so that amplitude can be linked with phase via a conversion algorithm.…”

“…Some studies have used traditional measurement techniques such as the use of a vector network analyzer (VNA) [20] or a typical spectrum analyzer [21], a technique to characterize the AM/PM distortion for RF PAs and nonlinear devices [11,22], or the use of scalar power measurements of the PA [23]. More recently, in addition to calculating the PA's distortion curves [24,25], the works in [26][27][28] have used personal computers (PCs) as digital signal processors (DSPs) to reduce the cost of measurements. In this direction, and in order to provide a Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vlsi new low-cost alternative for obtaining PA distortion curves, a novel system based on FPGA is introduced herein.…”

“…Previous related works include the MPM implementation, DPD module design, and neural network modeling [26][27][28]. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to realize an FPGA-based test bed allowing the AM/AM and AM/ PM data to be measured once the PA behavior has been modeled and shows proper results; this also includes the implementation of a DPD with its experimental evaluation.…”