Measure and evaluate the hardness of the electrodeposited Nickel-Phosphorous (Ni-P) thin film coating on carbon steel alloy for automotive applications

Naderi, Javad; Sarhan, Ahmed Aly Diaa Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2019.03.027

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Figure 4(a) showed the morphology of NiP possessed spherical characteristic. The spheres (NiP nucleus) were organized alongside each other without cracks, holes and other defects, which were consistent with the research of J. Naderi et al 22) It also could be seen in Fig. 4(b) that the morphology of h-NiP possessed spherical characteristic, but the size of the spherical tissue was uneven, as shown in the circle.…”

Section: Morphological and Elemental Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Erosion-Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Heated Electroless Ni–P Coating under Flow

Tang

Wang

Guo³

et al. 2020

Mater. Trans.

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To study on erosion-corrosion behavior and mechanism of NiP coating (NiP) and NiP coating after heat treatment at 400°C (h-NiP) in liquid flow and solid-liquid flow, the numerical simulation, microstructure, and electrochemical methods were applied. It could be seen that the spherical structure of the coating surface was no longer dense, and the coating changed from amorphous to crystalline after heat treatment at 400°C. Numerical simulation showed that the coating possessed a higher velocity and a small static pressure at the edge in the straight pipe. The electrochemical analysis showed that the i corr of NiP and h-NiP became larger and the R p became smaller as the solution speed increased, the i corr of h-NiP was larger than that of NiP, the R p of NiP was larger than that of h-NiP. In addition, the both coating had a higher i corr in the solid-liquid flow than that of the liquid flow at the same speed. The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of NiP coating was reduced because it had become the crystal after heat treatment at 400°C. The numerical simulation was helpful to reveal the local stress information of NiP coating under flow.

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Section: Morphological and Elemental Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Erosion-Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Heated Electroless Ni–P Coating under Flow

Tang

Wang

Guo³

et al. 2020

Mater. Trans.

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“…In addition, Naderi et al [29] reported other metastable phases such as Ni5P2 and Ni12P5 would be detected for the Ni-P coating after the similar heat-treatment step; however, these phases were not found in Figure 4. This was could be attributed to the phosphor content in the Ni-P coating.…”

Section: Microstructural Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Electrochemical Characteristics of Various Ni-P Composite Coatings in 0.6M NaCl Solution

Azadi¹,

Tavakolli²,

Haghighatkhah³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In this paper, various Ni-P composite coatings containing toner, MoS2, and nano-SiO2 particles were deposited on steel substrates by the electroless method. Then, the electrochemical properties of these coatings after a heat treatment process were compared. The microstructural evaluations were also done by using the optical and electron microscopy methods. Both Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were utilized to survey the electrochemical behavior of such coatings. The surface morphology of all coatings contained cauliflower-like nodules. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed the crystalline phases of Ni and Ni3P for all coatings after the heat-treatment step. Obtained results showed that all composite coatings exhibited lower corrosion rates with respect to Ni-P coatings. Such a reduction was about 21.6-92.2%. This behavior was attributed to the presence of reinforcement as barriers for corrosive ion diffusion through the coating plus the changes in detected phases and thickness. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test results also demonstrated that the increase in the polarization resistance for composites coatings was about 18.4-85.3% after 1 h immersion in a 0.6M NaCl solution; however, when the immersion time increased to 24 h, such increased resistance changed to 18.1 to 73.1%. Totally, despite the lower deposition rate, the presence of MoS2 and nano-SiO2 particles were more effective than toner particles to raise the corrosion rate of the Ni-P coating.

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“…Sample (a) is a Ni coating obtained from t bath in Table 1, (b) is a coating adjusted with a high-hardness additive, (c) is a Ni coating, and (d) is a sample of Ni-P coating heat-treated at 350 °C for 1 h. Comp the Ni films in samples (a) and (b), the Ni-P alloy films in samples (c) and (d) are especially in the sample (d), which was heat-treated and had a high Vickers hard 950 HV. This high hardness is thought to be due to crystallization [37,38] of the Ni 3 µm and σ = 0.72 µm, with a 60 mm inter-electrode distance, and at 48 mm, the variation is minimized, with an average film thickness of 12.9 µm and σ = 0.49 µm. There is almost no difference in the substrate in-plane film thickness with a 48 mm inter-electrode distance, and the variation is the smallest in this case.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Stiffness Of Metal Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is almost no difference in the substrate in-plane film thickness with a 48 mm inter-electrode distance, and the variation is the smallest in this case. This high hardness is thought to be due to crystallization [37,38] of the Ni-P alloy by heat treatment. However, we found that the samples (c) and (d) were much more difficult to deform than the other samples [39], and the coating cracked from simple bending, making them unsuitable as three-dimensional elastically deformable structures (Supplementary Materials Figure S1).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Stiffness Of Metal Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5 shows the hardness measurement results for the four types of samples, to evaluate the stiffness of the Ni structure. Sample (a) is a Ni coating obtained from the basic bath in Table 1, (b) is a coating adjusted with a high-hardness additive, (c) is a Ni-P alloy coating, and (d) is a sample of Ni-P coating heat-treated at 350 • C for 1 h. Compared to the Ni films in samples (a) and (b), the Ni-P alloy films in samples (c) and (d) are harder, especially in the sample (d), which was heat-treated and had a high Vickers hardness of 950 HV.This high hardness is thought to be due to crystallization[37,38] of the Ni-P alloy by heat treatment. However, we found that the samples (c) and (d) were much more difficult to deform than the other samples[39], and the coating cracked from simple bending, making them unsuitable as three-dimensional elastically deformable structures (Supplementary Materials FigureS1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Three-Dimensionally Deformable Metal Structures Using Precision Electroforming

et al. 2022

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It is difficult to fabricate three-dimensional structures using semiconductor-process technology, because it is based on two-dimensional layered structure fabrication and the etching of thin films. In this study, we fabricated metal structures that can be dynamically deformed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional shapes by combining patterning using photolithography with electroforming technology. First, a resist structure was formed on a Cu substrate. Then, using a Ni sulfamate electroforming bath, a Ni structure was formed by electroforming the fabricated resist structure. Finally, the resist structure was removed to release the Ni structure fabricated on the substrate, and electroforming was used to Au-plate the entire surface. Scanning-electron microscopy revealed that the structure presented a high aspect ratio (thickness/resist width = 3.5), and metal structures could be fabricated without defects across the entire surface, including a high aspect ratio. The metallic structures had an average film thickness of 12.9 µm with σ = 0.49 µm, hardness of 600 HV, and slit width of 7.9 µm with σ = 0.25 µm. This microfabrication enables the fabrication of metal structures that deform dynamically in response to hydrodynamic forces in liquid and can be applied to fields such as environmental science, agriculture, and medicine.

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Measure and evaluate the hardness of the electrodeposited Nickel-Phosphorous (Ni-P) thin film coating on carbon steel alloy for automotive applications

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Erosion-Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Heated Electroless Ni–P Coating under Flow

Erosion-Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Heated Electroless Ni–P Coating under Flow

Electrochemical Characteristics of Various Ni-P Composite Coatings in 0.6M NaCl Solution

Fabrication of Three-Dimensionally Deformable Metal Structures Using Precision Electroforming

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