Measurable Security, Privacy and Dependability in Smart Grids

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology for assessing security, privacy and dependability (SPD) of embedded systems. The methodology, developed through the European collaboration SHIELD, is applied for the smart grid network as deployed in the South of Norway. Three Smart Grid use cases are analysed in detail, being billing, home control and alarm.The SHIELD methodology uses a Multi-Metrics approach to evaluate the system SPD level during running processes and compares it with use case goals for S, P, and D. The simplicity, applicability, and scalability of the suggested Multi-Metrics approach is demonstrated in this paper. It shows that a single configuration is not sufficient to satisfy the given goals for all use cases.

Internet of Things: A Scientometric Review

“…The term smart grid refers to "a next generation power grid that uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network" [100]. Within IoT, the research on smart grids are related to security [101][102][103], cloud computing [104,105], and privacy [103,106,107].…”

A Crowd-Based Intelligence Approach for Measurable Security, Privacy, and Dependability in Internet of Automated Vehicles with Vehicular Fog

“…e SHIELD multimetrics (MM) as proposed by Noll et al [9] can be applied to evaluate security, privacy, and dependability of a system. e MM approach works by (1) dividing the system into smaller logical components called subsystems; (2) de ning the suitable metric for each subsystem;…”

“…An approach for measurable security has been utilized in the European Dependable Embedded Wireless Infrastructure (DEWI) security project which proposed the metrics for measurable security in cyber-physical systems in automotive domain [8]. It is based on the European SHIELD approach [9] of dividing a system into subsystems and components and evaluates the security, privacy, and dependability parameters along with the scales defined for what the range of values represents.…”

“…A detailed analysis and working of the European SHIELD approach as proposed by Noll et al [9] is explained in the next section. It is to be noted that multimetrics approach of Noll et al relies on the weight values of the component and subcomponent of a system from the expert in a given field of their expertise [9]. As different experts may have a different opinion on choosing the different weight values of the component and subcomponent of a system, a consensus cannot be reached using Noll et al approach.…”

“…is section also deals with the security and privacy issues of automated vehicles in such vehicular environment. Multimetrics approach of Noll et al [9] is explained in Section 3. Our crowd-based intelligence approach which is inspired from swarm intelligence for accessing the security, privacy, and dependability metrics for automated vehicles is explained in Section 4.…”