Measles surveillance in Canada: 2018

Coulby, Cameron; Domingo, Francesca Reyes; Hiebert, Joanne; MacDonald, Diane

doi:10.14745/ccdr.v46i04a04

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Genotypes B3 and D8 were two widely distributed genotypes identified in 2018 and 2019 from countries all over the world [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. When multiple importations with identical N-450 sequences made it difficult to clarify the transmission chain, the use of N450 for molecular epidemiological analysis was not recommended but should rather be used to confirm or rule out epidemiological linkage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characteristics of Measles Viruses Isolated in Taiwan between 2015 and 2020

Cheng

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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A genetic analysis of circulating measles virus (MeV) provides strong evidence of an interruption in endemic measles and supports the elimination status of this disease. This study investigated 219 MeVs isolated between 2015 and 2020. Based on the 450 nucleotide sequences of the nucleoprotein gene (N-450), three genotypes of the H1, D8 and B3 with 8, 18 and 6 different N-450 sequences, respectively, were identified. The H1 genotype virus has not circulated in Taiwan since 2017, and the D8 and B3 genotype MeVs became dominant between 2018 and 2019. Different D8 genotype variants were imported from neighboring countries, and the majority of MeV variants were detected only for a short period. However, MVs/Gir Somnath.IND/42.16[D8], a named strain designated by the World Health Organization (WHO), was detected over 2 years. To explore whether the endemic transmission of measles has been underestimated, another sequence window of the hypervariable, noncoding regions between the matrix (M) and fusion (F) genes (MF-NCR) was introduced to clarify the transmission chain. From the chronological sequence analysis of MeVs with N-450 and MF-NCR sequence windows, no endemic MeV variants lasted over 4 weeks, providing strong evidence to support the contention that Taiwan has reached the status for measles elimination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characteristics of Measles Viruses Isolated in Taiwan between 2015 and 2020

Cheng

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…It is expected that some of the measles cases were confirmed by RT-PCR, but that information was also unavailable. Overall vaccination coverage rates are high in Canada ( 25 ), and most cases of measles occur in inadequately vaccinated individuals ( 26 – 32 ). Of the reported measles cases occurring between 2002 and 2013, the years in which these sera were collected, nearly two-thirds of measles cases were unvaccinated (63% of reported cases) and only 17% had received at least one dose of measles vaccine ( 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Eight Commercial Assays for the Detection of Measles Virus-Specific IgM Antibodies

et al. 2021

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has targeted measles for global eradication through mass immunization. For effective monitoring of eradication targets, high quality surveillance is needed. The detection of IgM antibodies, specific to the measles virus, with the use of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA or EIA) is broadly used within the WHO global measles and rubella laboratory network for laboratory confirmation, and in particular ELISA kits manufactured by Siemens (Enzygnost® kits) have been primarily used. Spurred by the discontinuation of these kits, this study aims to report on the clinical sensitivity and specificity of comparable commercial ELISA kits and one automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method. A panel of 239 serum samples was assembled that included sera from confirmed measles cases (n=50) and probable post-MMR vaccine response (n=2). Measles negative sera (n=187) were collected from individuals presenting with other fever and rash illnesses. A total of 7 ELISA kits were evaluated (Euroimmun native antigens and recombinant nucleoprotein, IBL, Clin-Tech Microimmune, NovaTec NovaLisa®, Serion and Siemens Enzygnost®) and one CLIA method (DiaSorin LIAISON® XL). The ELISA kits included two IgM capture methods and five indirect methods. Calculated sensitivities and specificities ranged from 75.0% to 98.1% and 86.6% to 99.5% respectively. The parvovirus B19 IgM positive sera were noted to cause false positive results particularly for the ELISA kits from Serion and NovaLisa®; specificities for this subset of samples ranged from 51.4% to 100.0%. The capture IgM ELISA methods provided the best combination of sensitivity and specificity.

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Measles surveillance in Canada, 2019

Coulby¹,

Domingo²,

Hiebert³

et al. 2021

CCDR

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Background: The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) has conducted enhanced measles surveillance since 1998, the year endemic measles transmission was eliminated in Canada. The objective of this annual national measles surveillance report is to provide an epidemiologic summary of measles activity reported in Canada for 2019 in order to provide evidence to support the continued verification of Canada’s measles elimination status. Methods: Measles surveillance data are housed in the Canadian Measles and Rubella Surveillance System (CMRSS) database. Descriptive analyses of demographics and risk factors were performed. Outbreak characteristics were summarized and genotypic analyses conducted. Surveillance, laboratory and vaccine coverage data for 2019 were used to assess Canada’s status against the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) essential criteria for the verification of measles elimination. Results: In 2019, 113 measles cases were reported in Canada (crude incidence rate of 3.0 cases per 1,000,000 population). Of these cases, 42 (37%) were imported into Canada, and of the imported cases, 12 (29%) resulted in further transmission. Infants younger than one year had the highest age-specific incidence rate at 13.1 cases per 1,000,000 population. Only 29% of cases had one or more documented doses of measles-containing vaccine. One-fifth (19%) of cases were hospitalized; no deaths were reported. Genotype information was available for 100% of outbreaks reported in 2019 and 90% of non-outbreak-related measles cases; of cases with genotype information available, 27% were B3 and 73% were D8. Conclusion: Despite meeting/partially meeting only three out of four of PAHO’s essential criteria for measles elimination status, there is no evidence that endemic measles transmission has been reestablished in Canada.

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Measles surveillance in Canada: 2018

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Genetic Characteristics of Measles Viruses Isolated in Taiwan between 2015 and 2020

Genetic Characteristics of Measles Viruses Isolated in Taiwan between 2015 and 2020

Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Eight Commercial Assays for the Detection of Measles Virus-Specific IgM Antibodies

Measles surveillance in Canada, 2019

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