Measles outbreak response immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from Borno State, Nigeria

Nomhwange, Terna; Mohammed, A. H; Baptiste, Anne Eudes Jean; Musa, Audu; Yusuf, Abdulhakeem; Yusuf, Mohammed; Wagai, John; Shettima, Aliyu; Mele, Sule; Banda, Richard; Braka, Fiona; Luce, Richard; Masresha, Balcha

doi:10.11604/pamj.2022.41.104.28162

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Two studies assessed measles outreach programmes initiated in response to faltering measles vaccination coverage in Nepal and Nigeria [ 42 , 58 ]. Nepal used a prototype outreach programme supported by UNICEF and WHO in April 2020 which achieved 97% coverage in target districts, vaccinating almost 32,000 individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first mass measles vaccination campaign during the COVID-19 pandemic, in Nepal [ 42 ], successfully triangulated surveillance data of simultaneous outbreaks (COVID-19 and measles) to ensure a directed approach based on WHO-guided principles. Subsequent post-outbreak outreach response immunisations programmes (ORIs) utilised an official bespoke and Africa-specific WHO framework for decision-making regarding implementation of mass vaccination campaigns in the context of COVID-19 [ 32 , 58 ]. While an increase in COVID-19 cases was not seen in one ORI in Nigeria, operational costs increased by approximately 49% to enable COVID-19 safe methods [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent post-outbreak outreach response immunisations programmes (ORIs) utilised an official bespoke and Africa-specific WHO framework for decision-making regarding implementation of mass vaccination campaigns in the context of COVID-19 [ 32 , 58 ]. While an increase in COVID-19 cases was not seen in one ORI in Nigeria, operational costs increased by approximately 49% to enable COVID-19 safe methods [ 58 ]. Further locally successful methods included community engagement, including of faith leaders [ 42 , 58 , 63 ] and a social distance enforcer [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While an increase in COVID-19 cases was not seen in one ORI in Nigeria, operational costs increased by approximately 49% to enable COVID-19 safe methods [ 58 ]. Further locally successful methods included community engagement, including of faith leaders [ 42 , 58 , 63 ] and a social distance enforcer [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These time-periods likely differed in COVID-19 intensity and COVID-19 control measures and are factors to consider when drawing conclusions regarding changes in vaccination rate or coverage. Analysis of the longer-term post-pandemic period was limited; only papers published before January 2023 were included, and the latest data reported within these studies was May 2022 [ 58 ]. There were minor differences between immunisations reported within EPI data for each region ( Supplementary Appendix S6A ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measles Vaccine Coverage and Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review of the Early Impact of COVID-19 in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries

Packham,

Taylor,

Karangwa

et al. 2024

Int J Public Health

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Objectives: We aimed to evaluate changes to measles-containing vaccine (MCV) provision and subsequent measles disease cases in low- and lower-middle income countries (LICs, LMICs) in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A systematic search was conducted of MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE and PubMed records. Primary quantitative and qualitative research studies published from January 2020 were included if they reported on COVID-19 impact on MCV provision and/or measles outbreak rates within LICs and LMICs.Results: 45 studies were included. The change in MCV1 vaccination coverage in national and international regions ranged −13% to +44.4% from pre-COVID time periods. In local regions, the median MCV1 and overall EPI rate changed by −23.3% and −28.5% respectively. Median MCV2 rate was disproportionally impacted in local areas during COVID-interruption time-periods (−48.2%) with ongoing disruption in early-recovery time-periods (−17.7%). 8.9% of studies reported on vaccination status of confirmed measles cases; from these, 71%–91% had received no MCV dose.Conclusion: MCV vaccination coverage experienced ongoing disruption during the recovery periods after initial COVID-19 disruption. Vaccination in local area datasets notably experienced longer-term disruption compared to nationally reported figures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measles Vaccine Coverage and Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review of the Early Impact of COVID-19 in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries

Packham,

Taylor,

Karangwa

et al. 2024

Int J Public Health

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Combating recurrent measles outbreaks in Nigeria: Short-term and long-term strategies

Olufadewa,

Bamidele,

Olufadewa

et al. 2024

Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health

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Impact of Ebola and COVID-19 on maternal, neonatal, and child health care among populations affected by conflicts: a scoping review exploring demand and supply-side barriers and solutions

Shafiq,

Rubini,

Fazal

et al. 2024

Confl Health

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Introduction Armed conflicts have a severe impact on the health of women and children. Global health emergencies such as pandemics and disease outbreaks further exacerbate the challenges faced by vulnerable populations in accessing maternal, neonatal, and child healthcare (MNCH). There is a lack of evidence that summarizes the challenges faced by conflict-affected pregnant women, mothers, and children in accessing MNCH services during global health emergencies, mainly the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics. This scoping review aimed to analyze studies evaluating and addressing barriers to accessing comprehensive MNCH services during Ebola and COVID-19 emergencies in populations affected by conflict. Methods The search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using terms related to Ebola and COVID-19, conflicts, and MNCH. Original studies published between 1990 and 2022 were retrieved. Articles addressing the challenges in accessing MNCH-related services during pandemics in conflict-affected settings were included. Thematic analysis was performed to categorize the findings and identify barriers and solutions. Results Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Challenges were identified in various MNCH domains, including antenatal care, intrapartum care, postnatal care, vaccination, family planning, and the management of childhood illnesses. Ebola-related supply-side challenges mainly concerned accessibility issues, health workforce constraints, and the adoption of stringent protocols. COVID-19 has resulted in barriers related to access to care, challenges pertaining to the health workforce, and new service adoption. On the demand-side, Ebola- and COVID-19-related risks and apprehensions were the leading barriers in accessing MNCH care. Community constraints on utilizing services during Ebola were caused by a lack of trust and awareness. Demand-side challenges of COVID-19 included fear of disease, language barriers, and communication difficulties. Strategies such as partnerships, strengthening of health systems, service innovation, and community-based initiatives have been employed to overcome these barriers. Conclusion Global health emergencies amplify the barriers to accessing MNCH services faced by conflict-affected populations. Cultural, linguistic, and supply-side factors are key challenges affecting various MNCH domains. Community-sensitive initiatives enhancing primary health care (PHC), mobile clinics, or outreach programs, and the integration of MNCH into PHC delivery should be implemented. Efforts should prioritize the well-being and empowerment of vulnerable populations. Addressing these barriers is crucial for achieving universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals.

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Measles outbreak response immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from Borno State, Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Measles Vaccine Coverage and Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review of the Early Impact of COVID-19 in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries

Measles Vaccine Coverage and Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review of the Early Impact of COVID-19 in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries

Combating recurrent measles outbreaks in Nigeria: Short-term and long-term strategies

Impact of Ebola and COVID-19 on maternal, neonatal, and child health care among populations affected by conflicts: a scoping review exploring demand and supply-side barriers and solutions

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