Measles in older children and adults

Cockbain, Beatrice Clare; Bharucha, Tehmina; Irish, Dianne; Jacobs, Michael

doi:10.1136/bmj.j426

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…In Africa, measles outbreaks are still common, especially when vaccination programmes fail due to civil conflict or overstretching of medical systems during other epidemics, as happened in the aftermath of the EVD outbreak in west Africa 44–46 . However in England, confirmed cases of measles are only in the order of several hundred per year with two-thirds of cases in the over 15 age group 47 , so recent live measles infection cannot account for the 2% seropositivity to EBOV nucleoprotein observed here. It is therefore necessary to posit that cross-reactivity perhaps originates in childhood MMR vaccination and gradually wanes over several years, producing a low incidence in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Immunological cross-reactions with paramyxovirus nucleoproteins may explain sporadic apparent ebolavirus seropositivity in European populations

Bishop

Müllner

Bjurhult-Kennedy

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Although confirmed outbreaks of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) have been confined to central and west Africa, seropositivity to Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) has been reported in other parts of Africa and even in one study from the early 1990s in Germany. The possible reasons for the discrepancy between serological studies and clinical evidence, remain uncertain. Here, we report anonymous serum donors sampled in Lancaster (UK) with seropositivity by ELISA to EBOV nucleoprotein at a frequency of approximately 2%. In one serum donor, we confirm the result using Western blot. This is only the second report of seropositivity for EBOV outside of Africa. Our samples are negative to EBOV glycoprotein, suggesting that the seropositivity is specific to the nucleoprotein and may be due to cross-reaction with antibodies produced by exposure to another virus. To investigate potential candidates for this cross-reacting virus, we perform bioinformatics analysis that suggests that EBOV nucleoprotein has structural similarity to paramyxovirus nucleoproteins at a candidate immunological epitope. Cross-reaction of antibodies against paramyxovirus nucleoproteins, with EBOV nucleoprotein antigens used in serological testing, may be the cause of the rare instances of ebolavirus seropositivity in Europe, and may also be a confounding factor in African serosurveys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Immunological cross-reactions with paramyxovirus nucleoproteins may explain sporadic apparent ebolavirus seropositivity in European populations

Bishop

Müllner

Bjurhult-Kennedy

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Symptoms are characterized by fever, typical maculopapular skin rash, cold, cough, and conjunctivitis. Small white papules in the buccal mucosa, the Koplik’s spots, are pathognomonic and usually appear from 1 to 2 days before the disease manifests [ 85 ]. Severe forms of measles can cause pneumonia, gastroenteritis, and encephalitis.…”

Section: Lower Respiratory Tract Viral Infections In Immunocompromisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Chest Imaging in Viral Lung Diseases

Cozzi

Bicci

Bindi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The infection caused by novel beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. However, in the last 20 years, this has not been the only viral infection to cause respiratory tract infections leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide, referring in particular to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza H1N1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Although in this pandemic period SARS-CoV-2 infection should be the first diagnosis to exclude, many other viruses can cause pulmonary manifestations and have to be recognized. Through the description of the main radiological patterns, radiologists can suggest the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, also combining information from clinical and laboratory data.

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“…The typical incubation period of measles is seven to 18 days. The infection is contagious for four days before and four days after the appearance of a diffuse, blotchy, maculopapular, itchy or non-itchy erythematous skin rash 2345…”

Section: Answermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conjunctivitis, coryza, and cough (the three Cs), as well as fever and maculopapular rash are the key symptoms of measles 567…”

Section: Answermentioning

confidence: 99%