Measles in monkeys: an epidemiological study

MacArthur, Judy A.; Mann, P. G.; Oreffo, V.; Scott, G. B. D.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400025985

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…15,21 Several measles outbreaks following shipment of monkeys or introductions into an established colony have been described. 14,15,18,21,23 The pathogenesis of measles virus infection in nonhuman primates is similar to that in humans. 3,13 Measles virus is known to induce immunosuppression in affected human and nonhuman primates by disrupting both cellular and humoral immunity, which can result in various secondary opportunistic infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fatal Measles Virus Infection in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)

et al. 1999

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Abstract. An outbreak of natural measles virus infection occurred in a group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Over a period of 4 months, 12 of 53 Japanese macaques died following a 2-23-day history of anorexia, diarrhea, and dermatitis. The monkeys were kept in outdoor exhibits but had been moved temporarily into indoor caging and then transferred to new outdoor exhibits. Ten monkeys died while they were in temporary caging, and two monkeys died after they were moved to new outdoor exhibits. The diagnoses were made based on the results of histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), and electron microscopy. Measles virus antigens were detected in the lung, stomach, skin, salivary gland, spleen, and lymph nodes. Tangled, tubular nucleocapsids compatible with paramyxovirus were noted in the lung tissue. As a result of immunosuppression following measles virus infection, various secondary infections including disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, adenoviral and bacterial pneumonia, and Candida albicans-associated gingivitis and esophagitis were noted. The primary infective source or the mode of infection could not be determined in this outbreak, but measles virus may have been transmitted to the monkeys from human visitors while the monkeys were on exhibit.

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confidence: 99%

Fatal Measles Virus Infection in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)

et al. 1999

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“…While humans are the only natural host for MeV, other primate species can be infected, and indeed some populations even show serological evidence of exposure (31,32). There is no evidence that MeV circulates actively in nonhuman primate species, whose population sizes may be too small to sustain the MeV transmission cycle (33). We show here that macaque and squirrel monkey PBMCs are less susceptible to in vitro MeV infection than human PBMCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Nectin-4 Interactions Govern Measles Virus Virulence in a New Model of Pathogenesis, the Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

Delpeut

Sawatsky

Wong

et al. 2017

J Virol

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In addition to humans, only certain nonhuman primates are naturally susceptible to measles virus (MeV) infection. Disease severity is species dependent, ranging from mild to moderate for macaques to severe and even lethal for certain New World monkey species. To investigate if squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), which are reported to develop a course of disease similar to humans, may be better suited than macaques for the identification of virulence determinants or the evaluation of therapeutics, we infected them with a green fluorescent protein-expressing MeV. Compared to cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) infected with the same virus, the squirrel monkeys developed more-severe immunosuppression, higher viral load, and a broader range of clinical signs typical for measles. In contrast, infection with an MeV unable to interact with the epithelial receptor nectin-4, while causing immunosuppression, resulted in only a mild and transient rash and a short-lived elevation of the body temperature. Similar titers of the wild-type and nectin-4-blind MeV were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph node homogenates, but only the wild-type virus was found in tracheal lavage fluids and urine. Thus, our study demonstrates the importance of MeV interactions with nectin-4 for clinical disease in the new and better-performing S. sciureus model of measles pathogenesis. IMPORTANCEThe characterization of mechanisms underlying measles virus clinical disease has been hampered by the lack of an animal model that reproduces the course of disease seen in human patients. Here, we report that infection of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) fulfills these requirements. Comparative infection with wild-type and epithelial cell receptor-blind viruses demonstrated the importance of epithelial cell infection for clinical disease, highlighting the spread to epithelia as an attractive target for therapeutic strategies.

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“…The other 5 animals (numbers 14, 15, 16, 17 and 29) were all males housed in the same group (Group 1) and were known to have titres of 4 orless 4 months prior to vaccination when they had been the subject of a separate study. The elevated titres were coincidental and would suggest exposure to measles virus although no clinical signs had been seen (MacArthur et al, 1979). However, some uncertainty remains, since females of a similar age in the same group (numbers 19,20,27, 28 and 30) showed no demonstrable antibody when tested 4 months later.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The tissue changes are essentially the same (Scott & Keymer, 1975), the basic inflammatory process being a chronic one accompanied by classical giant cell formation (Finkeldey, 1931;Warthin, 1931). Some of the diagnostic signs and symptoms seen in man, a rash, malaise, coryza and pneumonia, have also been reported in nonhuman primates, whether the disease occurs naturally (MacArthur, Mann, Oreffo & Scott, 1979) or is induced experimentally (Peebles, McCarthy, Enders & Holloway, 1957). Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in the wild appear to be free from measles, the disease being contracted from humans after capture (Meyer, Brooks, Douglas & Rogers, 1962 Group I consisted of 2 males and 12 females and Group 2 of 2 males and 10 females and both groups were released into their respective enclosures within 5 days of each other in Septem ber 1976.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effect of measles vaccination in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

et al. 1982

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30 rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta), born into a breeding colony, received measles vaccination when aged between 3 and 26 months; 28 of them were re-vaccinated 5 to 7 months later. Measles virus antibody was measured by haemagglutination-inhibition at the time of each vaccination and again 3 to 6 weeks later. Only 2 out of 9 animals aged less than 6 months responded to vaccination, whereas 10 out of 14 older animals showed 4-fold or greater rises. Re-vaccination of the younger group when aged 8 to 10 months resulted in a marked rise in antibody.

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Measles in monkeys: an epidemiological study

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Fatal Measles Virus Infection in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)

Fatal Measles Virus Infection in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)

Nectin-4 Interactions Govern Measles Virus Virulence in a New Model of Pathogenesis, the Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

The effect of measles vaccination in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

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