Measles and Other Virus-specific Immunoglobulins in Multiple Sclerosis

Haire, Margaret; Fraser, Kenneth; Millar, J. H. D.

doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5881.612

Cited by 57 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Viral antibody studies were performed in many of the MS patients. The increased serum title of measles antibody in a group of 16 patients with MS when compared with a group having other neurological disorders, is in accord with previously reported studies (Adams and Imagawa, 1962;Haire et al, 1973). Norrby et al (1974) have studied measles titres in serum and CSF in 30 patients with definite MS and in 30 patients with other neurological disorders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin quotients, kappa/lambda ratios, and viral antibody titres in neurological disease.

Roberts‐Thomson¹,

Esiri²,

Young³

et al. 1976

J Clin Pathol

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It was also found that the quotient CSF/serum IgG, expressed as a percentage of the CSF/serum albumin, was better in distinguishing patients with definite or suspected MS from those with other neurological disorders than the quotients IgG/albumin or IgG/total protein.The CSF K/A ratio and the CSF and serum complement-fixing antibody titre to measles and herpes simplex virus were measured in many of the patients. In general, abnormalities of these measurements were associated with raised IgG/albumin quotients. However, in eight patients with definite or suspected MS, a normal IgG/albumin quotient was found with abnormal CSF K/A ratios (6 cases) or abnormal CSF titres of measles antibody (7 cases). In addition, two patients with HSVE had normal IgG/albumin ratios but detectable herpes antibody in the CSF.These findings suggest that the measurement of the relative concentration of CSF immunoglobulin in combination with the K/A ratio and antibody titre to various viruses may supplement each other in the endeavour to detect central nervous system immunoglobulin synthesis in neurological diseases.In normal individuals, immunoglobulin in the CSF is derived from the plasma by diffusion across the blood/CSF barrier (see Schultze and Heremans (1966) Chapter 3 for review). Rosenthal and Soothill (1962) have shown that the quantity of this CSF immunoglobulin is dependent on the serum immunoglobulin concentration, the molecular size of the immunoglobulin, and the permeability of the blood/ CSF barrier. Thus for healthy individuals IgM is totally excluded from the CSF owing to its large size and low plasma concentration but may be present in conditions in which a gross defect in the

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin quotients, kappa/lambda ratios, and viral antibody titres in neurological disease.

Roberts‐Thomson¹,

Esiri²,

Young³

et al. 1976

J Clin Pathol

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“…This competitive theory holds that there is a primary centml nervous system infection of the oligodendro cytes or other susceptible tissue that precedes myelinoclasia. No virus has thus far been proven, although a disconcerting number have been identified in MS: measles, caprine arthritis encephalitis, Epstein Barr, herpes simplex, human immunodehciency virus-l, human T-cell leukemia virus I and II, in-fluenza C, mumps, parainfluenza III, rubella, vaccinia, varicella-zoster, and coronavirus (3, 10, 27,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Five reports of positive measles virus isolation in measles encephalomyelitis (32-37) have challenged the infectious theory.…”

Section: The Infectious Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal root ganglia may be reservoirs of viral infection in multiple sclerosis

Nelson

1993

Medical Hypotheses

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There are presently two competitive theories that attempt to explain the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Briefly summarized, they are: 1. An infection, probably of viral type, may attack the oligodendroglia of the central nervous system; or, 2. An autoimmune process may begin with an infection of the peripheral lymphatic immune system, producing antibodies that cross the blood-brain barrier, leading to myelinoclasia. Since 1935, research has been directed toward myelin of the central nervous system and the myelin sheaths of peripheral nerve; however, dorsal root and cranial sensory ganglia (DRG) have apparently not been studied. The present hypothesis states that an infectious agent (probably viral) finds privileged sanctuary in the dorsal root and cranial sensory ganglia (DRG): thereafter periodically invading the spinal cord, brain, or peripheral nerve. Previously reported erratic spinal fluid viral titers and cultures can be explained by differences in the anatomy of the DRG in which there is a variable and limited contact of spinal fluid with sensory ganglia. Clues to this hypothesis were noted by the author during routine neurological examinations of patients with MS, in which sensory signs and symptoms were frequently encountered. This clinical observation has also been reported by others who found such symptoms in 75% of MS patients, ranking second only to incoordination.

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“…It may be significant from the point of view of our own results that immunofluorescence titration studies carried out with the sera of MS patients in Belfast over a number of years (Haire et al, 1973;Haire, 1977) have shown that antibodies to MV are consistently higher than to other viruses tested. With relevance to our own study, MS case 1 had a known cerebrospinal fluid neutralizing antibody titre of 40.…”

Section: Anatomical Location Of Hybridization With M V Probes In the mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Epidemiological and serological studies have suggested the involvement of a number of different enveloped RNA viruses in MS, including measles virus (MV), canine distemper virus (CDV), simian virus 5 (SV5) and rubella virus (Haire et al, 1973;Norrby et al, 1974;Haire, 1977;Meurman et al, 1977;Cook et al, 1978;Goswami et al, 1987). Measles virus is still a prime candidate on the basis of evidence from serological studies of MS patients and controls (Adams & Imagawa, 1962;Haire et al, 1973 ;Norrby et al, 1974;Haire, 1977;Salmi et al, 1972Salmi et al, , 1983Felgenhauer et al, 1985) whereas data suggesting the involvement of SV5 or CDV are either not reproducible or are non-specific for the virus in question (Madden et al, 1981 ;Halle et aL, 1982;Brankin et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Eight Cases of Multiple Sclerosis and 56 Neurological and Non-neurological Controls for Genomic Sequences of Measles Virus, Canine Distemper Virus, Simian Virus 5 and Rubella Virus

Cosby

McQuaid

Taylor

et al. 1989

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYIn situ hybridization studies have been carried out on brain samples from eight cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) and 56 non-neurological and neurological controls, using single-stranded 35S-labelled RNA probes prepared against genomic RNA sequences of measles virus, canine distemper virus, rubella virus and simian virus 5. Foci of hybridization were found using probes against the measles virus nucleocapsid protein (N), phosphoprotein and fusion protein gene sequences in two of the MS cases, and also in one control, a case of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection with spinal cord necrosis. This result was confirmed using biotinylated probes prepared against the measles virus N genomic sequence. No hybridization was found in any of the MS or control cases using any of the other viral genome-specific probes.

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Measles and Other Virus-specific Immunoglobulins in Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 57 publications

References 10 publications

Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin quotients, kappa/lambda ratios, and viral antibody titres in neurological disease.

Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin quotients, kappa/lambda ratios, and viral antibody titres in neurological disease.

Dorsal root ganglia may be reservoirs of viral infection in multiple sclerosis

Examination of Eight Cases of Multiple Sclerosis and 56 Neurological and Non-neurological Controls for Genomic Sequences of Measles Virus, Canine Distemper Virus, Simian Virus 5 and Rubella Virus

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