Measles Aerosol Vaccination

Valdespino-Gómez, José Luis; García-García, Ma. de Lourdes; Fernandez-de-Castro, J.; Henao-Restrepo, Ana María; Bennett, John V.; Sepúlveda-Amor, Jaime

doi:10.1007/3-540-36583-4_10

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The licensed FluMist ® live attenuated influenza vaccine, delivered intranasally with the accuspray device, has proven to be well accepted and highly efficacious [45]. Additionally, in attempts to optimize mass campaigns for measles vaccination, aerosol immunization was utilized and demonstrated to be safe and efficacious [46–48]. Three Schu S4 mutant strains (the FTT_1676, FTT_0369c, and Δ clpB mutants) were shown to confer significant protection against an i.n.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live attenuated tularemia vaccines: Recent developments and future goals

Marohn

Barry

2013

Vaccine

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In the aftermath of the 2001 anthrax attacks in the U.S., numerous efforts were made to increase the level of preparedness against a biological attack both in the US and worldwide. As a result, there has been an increase in research interest in the development of vaccines and other countermeasures against a number of agents with the potential to be used as biological weapons. One such agent, Francisella tularensis, has been the subject of a surge in the level of research being performed, leading to a substantial increase in knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of the organism and the induced immune responses. This information has facilitated the development of multiple new Francisella vaccine candidates. Herein we review the latest live attenuated F. tularensis vaccine efforts. Historically, live attenuated vaccines have demonstrated the greatest degree of success in protection against tularemia and the greatest promise in recent efforts to develop of a fully protective vaccine. This review summarizes recent live attenuated Francisella vaccine candidates and the lessons learned from those studies, with the goal of collating known characteristics associated with successful attenuation, immunogenicity, and protection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live attenuated tularemia vaccines: Recent developments and future goals

Marohn

Barry

2013

Vaccine

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“…However, nothing is known about the cells in which the vaccine virus replicates in vivo. With renewed interest in developing alternative vaccination routes, particularly aerosol vaccination (16,17), this information is of crucial importance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Live-Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine Targets Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in Muscle of Nonhuman Primates

Rennick

Vries

Carsillo

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Although live-attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccines have been used successfully for over 50 years, the target cells that sustain virus replication in vivo are still unknown. We generated a reverse genetics system for the live-attenuated MV vaccine strain Edmonston-Zagreb ( IMPORTANCE Even though MV strain Edmonston-Zagreb has long been used as a live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) to protect against measles, nothing is known about the primary cells in which the virus replicates in vivo.This is vital information given the push to move toward needle-free routes of vaccination, since vaccine virus replication is essential for vaccination efficacy. We have generated a number of recombinant MV strains expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. The virus that best mimicked the nonrecombinant vaccine virus was formulated according to protocols for production of commercial vaccine virus batches, and was subsequently used to assess viral tropism in nonhuman primates. The virus primarily replicated in professional antigen-presenting cells, which may explain why this LAV is so immunogenic and efficacious.

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“…However, nothing is known about the cell types and tissues targeted by attenuated MV strains in vivo. This subject has gained importance in recent years due to activities aimed at developing alternative needle-free routes of measles vaccination (42).…”

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confidence: 99%

In VivoTropism of Attenuated and Pathogenic Measles Virus Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein in Macaques

Vries

Lemon

Ludlow

et al. 2010

J Virol

100

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The global increase in measles vaccination has resulted in a significant reduction of measles mortality. The standard route of administration for the live-attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine is subcutaneous injection, although alternative needle-free routes, including aerosol delivery, are under investigation. In vitro, attenuated MV has a much wider tropism than clinical isolates, as it can use both CD46 and CD150 as cellular receptors. To compare the in vivo tropism of attenuated and pathogenic MV, we infected cynomolgus macaques with pathogenic or attenuated recombinant MV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) (strains IC323 and Edmonston, respectively) via the intratracheal or aerosol route. Surprisingly, viral loads and cellular tropism in the lungs were similar for the two viruses regardless of the route of administration, and CD11c-positive cells were identified as the major target population. However, only the pathogenic MV caused significant viremia, which resulted in massive virus replication in B and T lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues and viral dissemination to the skin and the submucosa of respiratory epithelia. Attenuated MV was rarely detected in lymphoid tissues, and when it was, only in isolated infected cells. Following aerosol inhalation, attenuated MV was detected at early time points in the upper respiratory tract, suggesting local virus replication. This contrasts with pathogenic MV, which invaded the upper respiratory tract only after the onset of viremia. This study shows that despite in vitro differences, attenuated and pathogenic MV show highly similar in vivo tropism in the lungs. However, systemic spread of attenuated MV is restricted.Measles virus (MV) is one of the most contagious human viruses and is transmitted via aerosols or by direct contact with contaminated respiratory secretions. Clinical symptoms appear approximately 2 weeks after infection and include fever, rash, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis (20). Measles is associated with immunosuppression, resulting in increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. While significant progress has been made in global control programs, 164,000 deaths were attributed to measles in 2008 (46).MV was first isolated in cell culture in 1954 (16). This Edmonston wild-type MV strain was passaged multiple times in primary human kidney and amnion cells and adapted to eggs and chicken embryo fibroblasts to produce the live-attenuated Edmonston-B vaccine virus (15), which was later replaced by the more attenuated MV strains (Edmonston-Zagreb, Moraten, and Schwarz) (34). These vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective, and high coverage in two-dose regimens has successfully interrupted endemic MV transmission in large geographic areas (6).For many years, laboratory-adapted MV-Edmonston strains were used as the prototype virus and were shown to display a wide cellular tropism in vitro. The virus efficiently infected epithelial cells, which were considered the target cells for primary MV infection in vivo (22). In 1993,...

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Measles Aerosol Vaccination

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Live attenuated tularemia vaccines: Recent developments and future goals

Live attenuated tularemia vaccines: Recent developments and future goals

Live-Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine Targets Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in Muscle of Nonhuman Primates

In VivoTropism of Attenuated and Pathogenic Measles Virus Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein in Macaques

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