Means-End Chain theory: a critical review of literature

Borgardt, Elena

doi:10.15611/pn.2020.3.12

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…A cut-off level of two was chosen, excluding any relationship that was not mentioned by at least two participants. The aim with the chosen cut-off level was to find a descriptive but not to complex value map [53]. Hierarchical value maps for groups of respondents that were considered to be relatively homogenous were constructed [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motives for Sustainability Certification—Private Certified Forest Owners’ Perspectives

Thorning

Mark‐Herbert

2022

Forests

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Traditional forest-management practices are currently being scrutinised. Forest certification may verify sustainable development practices in primary forest production. However, certification of privately owned forest lands cannot be taken for granted, as it is associated with the demands and challenges of forest management. Despite these challenges, some private owners of forest lands chose to certify their operations. The aim of this study is to explain these motives for certification. A qualitative approach, based on thematic interviews with selected forest owners, offers a context-bound and contemporary understanding. The implications of this research are seen in market development for certified forest resources and policy adaptations to support voluntary certification schemes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motives for Sustainability Certification—Private Certified Forest Owners’ Perspectives

Thorning

Mark‐Herbert

2022

Forests

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“…Interviewees in this study consisted of 30 FB Live streaming shoppers in Thailand. The sample size of 20 to 25 people is recommended for this type of qualitative research and very few new insights are found beyond this point (Borgardt, 2020). To reach the interviewees, an advertisement was posted using FB ads which allowed FB users to sign up.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The software generated an implication matrix where each entry indicated the number of times an element was directly or indirectly mentioned by the interviewee to be related to another element. A cut-off point of 3 was used as recommended by prior research (Borgardt, 2020;Wagner, 2007). That is, the number of associations (N) must be mentioned at least three times to be considered relevant and such association would appear on the hierarchical value map (HVM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shopping Motivation in Live Streaming: A Means-End Chain Approach

Chandrruangphen¹

2021

Proceedings of ‏The 2nd International Conference on Research in Management

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Facebook (FB) is a social networking site that offers live streaming feature, FB Live, where some users use it as a means to demonstrate and sell fashion clothes while some may watch and make purchase. Prior studies suggest that several shopping attributes may influence consumer values including product attributes (e.g. assortment, quality, trendiness, and brand name), seller attributes (e.g. presentation, interactivity, guidance, image, physical attractiveness, and humor), and price. However, it is not known if such list of attributes is fully applicable or complete. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the hierarchical nature of shopping motivation in live streaming. This study intends to explore live streaming shopping attributes and develop consumer value hierarchy by adopting means-end chain theory. A total of 30 in-depths interviews with FB Live users who shop fashion clothes in Thailand were conducted using laddering technique. The results are shown in hierarchical value maps identifying several attributes that motivate users to shop and their corresponding consumer values. Several important attributes are found in addition to the known list including clothing style, clear presentation of price, seller politeness, seller verbal attractiveness, seller pacing, background ambiance, broadcast timing announcement, number of viewers, seller FB page, and fast delivery. Three major motivational patterns have emerged from the maps including frictionless shopping, shopping enjoyment, and value seeking. Three minor ones have also emerged including quality seeking, fashion orientation, and product selection support. They are presented along with associated attributes allowing fashion clothing sellers to correspond.

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“…, 2016). Borgardt (2020) reported that 52% of MEC studies used a soft laddering approach. Three interviewers were trained in MEC concepts and laddering techniques.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this method necessitates a highly skilled interviewer, is time-consuming, costly and is subject to interviewer bias (Arsil et al, 2016). Borgardt (2020) reported that 52% of MEC studies used a soft laddering approach. Three interviewers were trained in MEC concepts and laddering techniques.…”

Section: Samples and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of consumers' motivation towards ethnic food: evidence from Indonesia

Arsil

Dang

Wicaksono

et al. 2021

BFJ

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PurposeThe research objective is to explore consumers' (those of ethnic origin and non-ethnic origin) motivation for choosing ethnic food.Design/methodology/approachA total of 120 respondents were approached at Padang restaurants in Jakarta, and personal interviews were conducted using soft laddering techniques linking to means-end chain (MEC) analysis. The associations among attributes, consequences and values were mapped into a graphical hierarchy to depict the cognitive structure of consuming ethnic food.FindingsThe unique and spicy taste of Padang food, as well as preferences for the cuisine, was identified as the determinants of consumption of Padang food. In addition, the Minang people still considered the food's origin and tradition when consuming it. “Financial security” and “happiness” were identified as the desired values that consumers want to achieve.Research limitations/implicationsThe extent to which acculturation affects consumers' decision-making on consuming ethnic food has not been significantly investigated.Practical implicationsPadang food can be promoted by highlighting its traditions and unique, spicy taste. These are key messages to attract consumers of Padang ethnic food.Originality/valueThe paper presents an original motivations and cognitive structures for eating Padang food.

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Means-End Chain theory: a critical review of literature

Cited by 19 publications

References 108 publications

Motives for Sustainability Certification—Private Certified Forest Owners’ Perspectives

Motives for Sustainability Certification—Private Certified Forest Owners’ Perspectives

Shopping Motivation in Live Streaming: A Means-End Chain Approach

Determinants of consumers' motivation towards ethnic food: evidence from Indonesia

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