“…In Scandinavian studies aimed at better understanding the significance of PSA meaning for prostate cancer patients, men expressed dissatisfaction with receiving simply qualitative reports or interpretations of PSA results, but rather requested exact numerical values. Patients further identified PSA results as objective measures of their cancer, a “lifeline” indicating response to treatment in a period of uncertainty, and the opportunity to catch a recurrence early (Hedestig, Sandman, Tomic, & Widmark, ,b; Hedestig, Sandman, Widmark, & Rasmussen, ). A 2012 U.S. study found that men placed similar meaning on their PSA results, with low PSA levels indicating freedom from cancer.…”