Meaningful Test & Evaluation of Indoor Localization Systems in Semi-Controlled Environments

Abstract

Despite their enormous potential the use of Indoor Localization Systems (ILS) remains 1 seldom. One reason is the lack of market transparency and stakeholders’ trust in the systems’ 2 performance as a consequence of insufficient use of Test and Evaluation (T&E) methodologies. The 3 heterogeneous nature of ILS, their influences, and their applications pose various challenges for 4 the design of a methodology that provides meaningful results. Methodologies for building-wide 5 testing exist, but their use is mostly limited to associated indoor localization competitions. In this 6 work, the T&E 4iLoc Framework is proposed - a methodology for T&E of indoor localization systems 7 in semi-controlled environments based on a system-level and black-box approach. In contrast to 8 building-wide testing, T&E in semi-controlled environments, such as test halls is characterized by 9 lower costs, higher reproducibility, and better comparability of the results. The limitation of low 10 transferability to real world applications is addressed by an application-driven design approach. 11 The empirical validation of the T&E 4iLoc Framework, based on the examination of a contour-based 12 Light Detection and Ranging ILS, an Ultra Wideband ILS, and a camera-based ILS for the application 13 of Automated Guided Vehicles in warehouse operation, demonstrates the benefits of T&E with the 14 T&E 4iLoc Framework.

PBEMS: A Permissioned Blockchain-based Equipment Maintenance System in Smart Manufacturing

“…The authors defined the various data that must be managed, and also created a flow of smart contracts involving various parties ranging from aircraft technicians, airlines, component manufacturers, to MRO service providers [33]. A similar proposal was also presented by Schyga et al by defining more parties including regulator, and in more detail explaining its implementation using the Hyperledger Fabric platform [34].…”

PBEMS: A Permissioned Blockchain-based Equipment Maintenance System in Smart Manufacturing

“…The authors defined the various data that must be managed, and also created a flow of smart contracts involving various parties ranging from aircraft technicians, airlines, component manufacturers, to MRO service providers [30]. A similar proposal was also presented by Schyga et al by defining more parties including regulator, and in more detail explaining its implementation using the Hyperledger Fabric platform [31].…”

AirChain - Towards Blockchain-based Aircraft Maintenance Record System

“…Then Schyga et al [21] showed a prototype system based on Hyperledger, which could create a Permission Blockchain System (PBS) for aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul. Ho et al [22] proposed a similar blockchain-based system for aircraft maintenance, similar to [21]. Their system focused on parts' traceability and trackability for the inventory management.…”