Mean Circulation Time of Fluorescein in Retinal Vascular Segments

Eberli, Bruno; Riva, Charles E.; Feke, Gilbert T.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1979.01020010079018

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Inner retinal blood flow equals the volume of the vascular tree divided by the mean circulation time. (Eberli et al, 1979) Thus, this method gives results that are related to actual blood flow only to the extent that the square of the vessel diameters represents the vascular volume. Several studies have looked at blood flow in patients who had been treated with inhibitors of VEGF.…”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor on inner retinal oxygen delivery and metabolism in rats

Blair

Wanek

Teng

et al. 2016

Experimental Eye Research

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Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor on inner retinal oxygen delivery and metabolism in rats

Blair

Wanek

Teng

et al. 2016

Experimental Eye Research

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“…Again this would be consistent with a bolus of contrast agent entering and leaving a larger cortical vessel faster than a smaller retinal vessel. This finding may also arise because unlike the retina, cortical vessels visualized through the cranial window do not form a “closed-loop” system (Eberli et al, 1979 ). Thus, within the small cranial window through which imaging was undertaken, fluorescein filling in a given artery may not drain into any of the visible veins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal and Cortical Blood Flow Dynamics Following Systemic Blood-Neural Barrier Disruption

Hui

Nguyen

et al. 2017

Front. Neurosci.

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To consider whether imaging retinal vasculature may be used as a marker for cortical vessels, we compared fluorescein angiography flow dynamics before and after pharmacological disruption of blood-neural barriers. Sodium fluorescein (1%, 200 μl/kg) was intravenously delivered in anesthetized adult Long Evans rats (n = 44, brain = 18, retina = 26). In the brain cohort, a cranial window was created to allow direct visualization of surface cortical vessels. Video fluorescein angiography was captured using a rodent retinal camera at 30 frames/second and fluorescence intensity profiles were evaluated for the time to reach 50% brightness (half-rise), 50% decay (half-fall), and the plateau level of remnant fluorescence (offset, %). Cortical vessels fluoresced earlier (artery half-rise: 5.6 ± 0.2 s) and decayed faster (half-fall: 10.3 ± 0.2 s) compared to retinal vasculature. Cortical vessels also had a considerably higher offset, particularly in the capillaries/extravascular space (41.4 ± 2.7%) whereas pigment in the retina reduces such residual fluorescence. In a sub-cohort of animals, sodium deoxycholate (DOC, 0.06 M dissolved in sterile saline, 1 mL) was delivered intravenously to cause simultaneous disruption of the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. A separate group received saline as vehicle control. Fluorescein angiography was re-measured at 6 and 24 h after drug infusion and evaluated by comparing flow dynamics to the upper quartile (75%) of the control group. Retinal vasculature was more sensitive to DOC-induced disruption with a higher fluorescence offset at 6 h (47.3 ± 10.6%). A delayed effect was seen in cortical vessels with a higher offset evident only at 24 h (65.6 ± 10.1%). Here we have developed a method to quantitatively compare fluorescein angiography dynamics in the retina and superficial cortical vessels. Our results show that systemic disruption of blood-neural barriers causes vascular leakage in both tissues but earlier in the retina suggesting that pharmacological blood-neural barrier disruption may be detected earlier in the eye than in cortical vasculature.

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“…Thompson et al (1964) used a gamma variate to model arterial dye-dilution curves after injection of indocyanine green into the right atrium or pulmonary artery. Whilst the log-normal curve (Stow and Hetzel 1954) has proved a popular model of fluorescein dyedilution (Riva et al 1978, Eberli et al 1979, Blair et al 1982, Suzuki et al 1992, Bursell et al 1992, 1996 it was empirically derived and hence lacks the sound theoretical derivation of the gamma variate (Davenport 1983).…”

Section: Parametric Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A considerable amount of research therefore, has been devoted to determining other related parameters. These have included blood flow velocity (Wolf et al 1989, Arend et al 1991, arteriovenous passage time (Wolf et al 1989), mean circulation time (Eberli et al 1979, Koyama et al 1990, Bursell et al 1992, difference of arterial and venous times to maximum intensity (Fonda andBagolini 1977, Koyama et al 1990), time to maximum intensity (Jagoe et al 1993), and time to x% of maximum intensity (Koyama et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying changes in retinal circulation: the generation of parametric images from fluorescein angiograms

Hipwell¹,

Manivannan²,

Vieira³

et al. 1998

Physiol. Meas.

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Fluorescein angiography is an established technique for examining the functional integrity of the retinal circulation. The ability to quantify this function offers the possibility of early detection of changes due to retinopathy. We have developed a technique to generate functional, parametric images of the retinal circulation. A given angiogram is first registered to align consecutive frames. At each point in the retina, a graph of fluorescein intensity versus time is then constructed and fitted with a gamma variate curve. Parameters are extracted from these curves and formed into parametric images showing the variation in fluorescein passage across the entire area of the angiogram. Parameters examined to date include time to maximum intensity, time of arrival and rise time. The technique has been demonstrated using photographic and scanning laser ophthalmoscopic angiograms of both normal subjects and patients with a variety of retinopathies. The time to maximum images of the normal subjects reveals a similar fillings pattern in each case, whilst the pathologies present in the abnormal angiograms are clearly identified. The generation of functional time to maximum images enables the health of the retinal circulation to be quantified with respect to the rate at which the vasculature fills with fluorescein. This offers a potential tool for detecting the onset of retinopathy and monitoring its progression.

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Mean Circulation Time of Fluorescein in Retinal Vascular Segments

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

The effect of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor on inner retinal oxygen delivery and metabolism in rats

The effect of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor on inner retinal oxygen delivery and metabolism in rats

Retinal and Cortical Blood Flow Dynamics Following Systemic Blood-Neural Barrier Disruption

Quantifying changes in retinal circulation: the generation of parametric images from fluorescein angiograms

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