Mean and Seasonal Circulation of the Eastern Chukchi Sea From Moored Timeseries in 2013–2014

Tian, Fei; Pickart, Robert S.; Lin, Peigen; Pacini, Astrid; Moore, G. W. K.; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Weingartner, Thomas J.; Itoh, Motoyo; Kikuchi, Takashi; Dobbins, Elizabeth L.; Bell, Shaun W.; Woodgate, Rebecca A.; Danielson, Seth L.; Wang, Zhaomin

doi:10.1029/2020jc016863

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…(2019) and Tian et al. (2021), the former scenario promotes strong northward flow into Barrow Canyon while the latter scenario is associated weaker or reversed flow. This is consistent with the enhanced canyon outflow observed during HLY1801 as compared to HLY1803.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…During the fall survey, the winds in this region were easterly to northeasterly and quite strong. As demonstrated in Lin et al (2019) and Tian et al (2021), the former scenario promotes strong northward flow into Barrow Canyon while the latter scenario is associated weaker or reversed flow. This is consistent with the enhanced canyon outflow observed during HLY1801 as compared to HLY1803.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 86%

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Structure and Variability of the Barrow Canyon Outflow From Two High‐Resolution Shipboard Surveys in 2018

et al. 2023

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Barrow Canyon in the northeast Chukchi Sea is a critical choke point where Pacific‐origin water, heat, and nutrients enter the interior Arctic. While the flow through the canyon has been monitored for more than 20 years, questions remain regarding the dynamics by which the Pacific‐origin water is fluxed offshore, as well as what drives the variability. In 2018, two high‐resolution shipboard surveys of the canyon were carried out—one in summer and one in fall—to investigate the water mass distribution and velocity structure of the outflow. During the summer survey, high percentages of Pacific water (summer water + winter water) were present seaward of the canyon, associated with strong northward outflow from the canyon and a well‐developed westward‐flowing Chukchi Slope Current (CSC). By contrast, high percentages of Pacific water were confined to the canyon proper and outer Chukchi shelf during the late‐fall survey, at which time the canyon outflow and CSC were considerably weaker. These differences can be attributed to differences in wind forcing during the time period of two surveys. A cyclone‐like circulation was present in the canyon during both surveys, which was also evident in the satellite‐derived sea surface height anomaly field. We argue that this feature corresponds to an arrested topographic Rossby wave, generated as the outflow responds to the deepening bathymetry of the canyon. By applying a self‐organizing map analysis using the satellite altimeter data from 2001 to 2020, we demonstrate that such a cyclone‐like structure is a prevailing aspect of the canyon outflow.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 86%

Structure and Variability of the Barrow Canyon Outflow From Two High‐Resolution Shipboard Surveys in 2018

et al. 2023

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“…Among the different elements, ΔfCO 2 sets the direction of CO 2 flux and potential of CO 2 flux, while the gas exchange coefficient exponentially increases with the wind speed. ERA5 provides a robust wind product that has a good correlation with the observations, and has been used in many previous studies (e.g., Lin et al, 2020;Tian et al, 2021).…”

Section: Sea-air Co 2 Difference Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer Surface CO₂ Dynamics on the Bering Sea and Eastern Chukchi Sea Shelves From 1989 to 2019

et al. 2022

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By compiling boreal summer (June to October) CO2 measurements from 1989 to 2019 on the Bering and eastern Chukchi Sea shelves, we find that the study areas act as a CO2 sink except when impacted by river runoff and wind‐driven upwelling. The CO2 system in this area is seasonally dominated by the biological pump especially in the northern Bering Sea and near Hanna Shoal, while wind‐driven upwelling of CO2‐rich bottom water can cause episodic outgassing. Seasonal surface ΔfCO2 (oceanic fCO2 – air fCO2) is dominantly driven by temperature only during periods of weak CO2 outgassing in shallow nearshore areas. However, after comparing the mean summer ΔfCO2 during the periods of 1989–2013 and 2014–2019, we suggest that temperature does drive long‐term, multi‐decadal patterns in ΔfCO2. In the northern Chukchi Sea, rapid warming concurrent with reduced seasonal sea‐ice persistence caused the regional summer CO2 sink to decrease. By contrast, increasing primary productivity caused the regional summer CO2 sink on the Bering Sea shelf to increase over time. While additional time series are needed to confirm the seasonal and annual trajectory of CO2 changes and ocean acidification in these dynamic and spatially complex ecosystems, this study provides a meaningful mechanistic analysis of recent changes in inorganic carbonate chemistry. As high‐resolution time series of inorganic carbonate parameters lengthen and short‐term variations are better constrained in the coming decades, we will have stronger confidence in assessing the mechanisms contributing to long‐term changes in the source/sink status of regional sub‐Arctic seas.

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“…Upwelling in Barrow Canyon can develop polynyas in the cold season via wind‐driven ice divergence and/or oceanic heating, however these two mechanisms are difficultly distinguished (Hirano et al., 2016; Ladd et al., 2016). Using the timeseries of the spatially averaged ice concentration in the vicinity of Barrow Canyon (orange box in Figure 1a), we first identified the ice period for each year (September to next August) as the time between the freeze‐up date when the ice concentration first exceeded 90% and melt‐back date when the ice concentration last dropped below 90% (Tian et al., 2021). We found there are 150 upwelling events in the ice period (328 events in total), including 11 AW upwelling events, 125 non‐AW upwelling events and 14 50%‐chance AW upwelling events.…”

Section: Impact Of Upwelling On Ice Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

Upwelling of Atlantic Water in Barrow Canyon, Chukchi Sea

Lin

Dou

et al. 2022

JGR Oceans

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Using long‐term moorings data together with wind and sea ice measurements, we document the characteristics and variations of upwelling in Barrow Canyon and investigate the upwelled Atlantic Water (AW) on the Chukchi Sea shelf and how it impacts the ice cover. Driven by strong northeasterly winds, upwelling occurs more often in the cold months, and the occurrence tends to increase interannually since 2001. Over the 12‐year mooring record at the mouth of Barrow Canyon, roughly 10% of the upwelling events can drive AW onto the Chukchi Sea shelf. Both AW and non‐AW upwelling events have more occurrence and stronger strength in the cold months, but do not present a significant interannual trend. These variations are associated with the northeasterly winds. Comparing to the non‐AW upwelling, the AW upwelling is generally characterized by more vertical displacement of the AW layer at the mouth of Barrow Canyon, and stronger up‐canyon volume and heat transport. In the ice‐covered period, these two types of upwelling have different consequences for forming polynyas on the shelf. Under similar wind forcing, the ice reduction appears confined in the coastal region in the non‐AW upwelling events, while during AW upwelling events, the sea ice declines dramatically in the shelf interior with 15% more ice loss. It elucidates that the heat carried by the upwelled AW plays a considerable role in modulating the ice cover in the shelf interior.

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Mean and Seasonal Circulation of the Eastern Chukchi Sea From Moored Timeseries in 2013–2014

Abstract: Seasonally varying Pacific-origin waters play a critical role in the hydrographic and ecosystem structure of the western Arctic Ocean. Cold water flowing northward through Bering Strait from late-fall through late-spring provides nutrients that fuel primary production (Danielson et al.,

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Structure and Variability of the Barrow Canyon Outflow From Two High‐Resolution Shipboard Surveys in 2018

Structure and Variability of the Barrow Canyon Outflow From Two High‐Resolution Shipboard Surveys in 2018

Summer Surface CO₂ Dynamics on the Bering Sea and Eastern Chukchi Sea Shelves From 1989 to 2019

Upwelling of Atlantic Water in Barrow Canyon, Chukchi Sea

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Mean and Seasonal Circulation of the Eastern Chukchi Sea From Moored Timeseries in 2013–2014

Abstract: Seasonally varying Pacific-origin waters play a critical role in the hydrographic and ecosystem structure of the western Arctic Ocean. Cold water flowing northward through Bering Strait from late-fall through late-spring provides nutrients that fuel primary production (Danielson et al.,

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Structure and Variability of the Barrow Canyon Outflow From Two High‐Resolution Shipboard Surveys in 2018

Structure and Variability of the Barrow Canyon Outflow From Two High‐Resolution Shipboard Surveys in 2018

Summer Surface CO2 Dynamics on the Bering Sea and Eastern Chukchi Sea Shelves From 1989 to 2019

Upwelling of Atlantic Water in Barrow Canyon, Chukchi Sea

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Summer Surface CO₂ Dynamics on the Bering Sea and Eastern Chukchi Sea Shelves From 1989 to 2019