Meal patterns and hypothalamic NPY expression during chronic social stress and recovery

Melhorn, Susan J.; Krause, Eric G.; Scott, Karen A.; Mooney, Marie R.; Johnson, Jeffrey D.; Woods, Stephen C.; Sakai, Randall R.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00820.2009

Cited by 43 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Burrow rats have elevated circulating corticosterone (CORT) levels on the fourth day of being in the burrow, and CORT levels remain elevated at least until the last day of the burrow (1,5,6,12,23). The present data indicate that baseline CORT has returned to normal by the 7th day of recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The primary means by which amylin reduces weight gain is through inhibition of food intake (32), specifically through a reduction in meal size combined with a shortening of meal duration at higher doses (19,22,31). The hyperphagia of SUB rats during recovery is characterized by the ingestion of larger meals and longer meal duration with no increase in meal frequency (23). The driving force behind this hyperphagia may be related to the elevated NPY mRNA in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) and reduced plasma leptin seen in burrow rats at the beginning of recovery (23,36).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The hyperphagia of SUB rats during recovery is characterized by the ingestion of larger meals and longer meal duration with no increase in meal frequency (23). The driving force behind this hyperphagia may be related to the elevated NPY mRNA in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) and reduced plasma leptin seen in burrow rats at the beginning of recovery (23,36). Additionally, amylin blocks NPY-induced hyperphagia (25).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Amylin blunts hyperphagia and reduces weight and fat gain during recovery in socially stressed rats

Smeltzer

Scott

Melhorn

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Smeltzer M, Scott K, Melhorn S, Krause E, Sakai R. Amylin blunts hyperphagia and reduces weight and fat gain during recovery in socially stressed rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 303: R676 -R682, 2012. First published July 25, 2012 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00090.2012.-During recovery from social stress in a visible burrow system (VBS), during which a dominance hierarchy is formed among the males, rats display hyperphagia and gain weight preferentially as visceral adipose tissue. By proportionally increasing visceral adiposity, social stress may contribute to the establishment of metabolic disorder. Amylin was administered to rats fed ad libitum during recovery from VBS stress in an attempt to prevent hyperphagia and the resultant gain in body weight and fat mass. Amylin treatment reduced food intake, weight gain, and accumulation of fat mass in male burrow rats, but not in male controls that spent time housed with a single female rather than in the VBS. Amylin did not alter neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), or proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus as measured at the end of the recovery period, nor did it affect plasma corticosterone or leptin. Amylin exerted most of its effect on food intake during the first few days of recovery, possibly through antagonism of NPY and/or increasing leptin sensitivity. The potential for chronic social stress to contribute to metabolic disorder is diminished by amylin treatment, though the neuroendocrine mechanisms behind this effect remain elusive. metabolic disorder; energy expenditure; neuropeptide Y; leptin; visible burrow system AMYLIN IS A PEPTIDE HORMONE cosecreted with insulin from pancreatic ␤-cells that acts as both a satiation and adiposity signal. Administration of amylin reduces food intake and decreases weight gain and fat mass, with relative preservation of lean mass (19,22,32). Conversely, recovery from social stress can cause precisely the opposite effects on food intake, body weight, and adiposity (10, 35). We use the visible burrow system (VBS) as a model of psychosocial stress. The VBS consists of a set of chambers and tubes that socially house 4 male and 2 female Long-Evans rats for 2 wk. In this situation, the male rats form a dominance hierarchy as they compete for access to females (5). When housed in the VBS, subordinate (SUB) rats lose a significant amount of weight, primarily from adipose mass, but also from lean mass. After removal from the VBS, rats are singly housed and allowed to recover for a few weeks, during which time SUB rats display hyperphagia and significant weight increase (36). SUB rats exposed to two cycles of VBS and recovery have greater amounts of adipose tissue than dominant (DOM) and control (CON) rats. In addition, a greater proportion of this fat is located in the visceral compartment, a pattern of deposition that has been associated with greater risk of metabolic dysfunction (4, 36).The behavioral, metabolic, and endocrine responses to stress can contribute ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amylin blunts hyperphagia and reduces weight and fat gain during recovery in socially stressed rats

Smeltzer

Scott

Melhorn

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Animal models to investigate stress-based eating have included repeated bouts of restraint in rats, which was shown to increase intake of a freely available lard-and sucrose-based chow (8), and also a visible burrow system in rats, which led to increased meal size in subordinate males (9). A third model involved measuring intake of high-fat diet (HFD) pellets to which mice exposed to chronic variable stress were given limited access along with preweighed regular chow (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin mediates stress-induced food-reward behavior in mice

Chuang¹,

Perelló²,

Sakata³

et al. 2011

J. Clin. Invest.

303

344

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The popular media and personal anecdotes are rich with examples of stress-induced eating of calorically dense "comfort foods." Such behavioral reactions likely contribute to the increased prevalence of obesity in humans experiencing chronic stress or atypical depression. However, the molecular substrates and neurocircuits controlling the complex behaviors responsible for stress-based eating remain mostly unknown, and few animal models have been described for probing the mechanisms orchestrating this response. Here, we describe a system in which food-reward behavior, assessed using a conditioned place preference (CPP) task, is monitored in mice after exposure to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), a model of prolonged psychosocial stress, featuring aspects of major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Under this regime, CSDS increased both CPP for and intake of high-fat diet, and stress-induced food-reward behavior was dependent on signaling by the peptide hormone ghrelin. Also, signaling specifically in catecholaminergic neurons mediated not only ghrelin's orexigenic, antidepressant-like, and food-reward behavioral effects, but also was sufficient to mediate stress-induced food-reward behavior. Thus, this mouse model has allowed us to ascribe a role for ghrelin-engaged catecholaminergic neurons in stress-induced eating. IntroductionMost humans experience altered feeding behaviors upon stress, with approximately 40% eating more and 40% eating less than usual (1). Furthermore, upon stress, most people report an increase in the intake of highly palatable foods, independent of hyperphagia or hypophagia (2, 3). Altered eating is also a frequent finding in individuals with major depressive disorder, with the "atypical" subtype even containing hyperphagia as a possible distinguishing characteristic (4). In one study, 46% of study subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder with atypical features reported increased appetite (5). Of the remaining depressed patients without atypical features, 18% reported increased appetite, while 50% reported decreased appetite (5). The complex eating behaviors that are associated with and/or stimulated by stress and major depression undoubtedly contribute to the increased number of overweight and obese individuals who experience or have experienced stress and depression. For example, a longitudinal study from New Zealand showed that major depression in late-adolescent girls was associated with a 2.3-fold increased risk of obesity in adulthood and, furthermore, that the prevalence of obesity in adulthood was positively correlated with the number of major depressive episodes during adolescence in these girls (6). In another study, 47% of a large cohort of subjects with atypical depression reported increased body weight (5). Also, the combined overweight and obesity prevalence in a sample of US veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder was found in a chart review study to exceed that within the US general population by 20% (7).

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“…Visible burrow system: The structure and procedures of the VBS have been previously described [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The colonies were set-up such that each colony contained 4 females and 2 weight matched males: 1 proactive coping male rat and 1 passive coping male rat.…”

Section: Elevated Plus Maze Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress coping style does not determine social status, but influences the consequences of social subordination stress

Boersma

Smeltzer

Scott

et al. 2017

Physiology & Behavior

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Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Rights A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTA C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T 2 Abstract:

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Meal patterns and hypothalamic NPY expression during chronic social stress and recovery

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

Amylin blunts hyperphagia and reduces weight and fat gain during recovery in socially stressed rats

Amylin blunts hyperphagia and reduces weight and fat gain during recovery in socially stressed rats

Ghrelin mediates stress-induced food-reward behavior in mice

Stress coping style does not determine social status, but influences the consequences of social subordination stress

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