Meal Frequency and Ischæmic Heart-Disease

Fábry, P.; Fodor, J. G.; Hejl, Z; Geizerová, H; Balcarová, O.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(68)92622-6

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It has been established that SFA intake is associated with cardiovascular isch emia. However, MUFA intake is associated with the reduction of cardiovascular diseases [26,27], The slight increase in PUFA intake during Ramadan is also interesting knowing that ingestion of PUFA in fat diet reduces total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol but not HDL cho lesterol when the PUFA percentage is not high er than 11% of total energy intake [28], Otherwise, it has been shown that nibbling diet reduced both serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations [29], The beneficial effect of increased meal frequency on plasma lipid was reported by many investi gators [19,20,29,30], They suggested that a decrease in eating frequency may elevate plas ma cholesterol levels [31,32] and predispose Changes in Lipids and Lipoproteins during Ramadan man to ischemic heart disease [33,34], How ever, in this study we showed in contrast a decrease in serum cholesterol levels despite the infrequent eating. The results concerning LDL cholesterol showed a significant de crease maximal on day 29 of Ramadan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting during Ramadan Induces a Marked Increase in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Decrease in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Adlouni¹,

et al. 1997

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We demonstrated for the first time in a Moroccan population that fasting during Ramadan, the ninth lunar month of the Muslims’ year, affected lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in a group of 32 healthy adult male volunteers. This investigation was conducted to study the changes in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, and body weight during Ramadan. The results showed a significant decrease (7.9%, p < 0.001) in serum total cholesterol concentration during Ramadan as compared with the prefasting period. Also, we obtained a significant decrease of serum triglyceride concentration (30%, p < 0.001) during Ramadan fasting as compared to the period before Ramadan. The reduction of both serum triglycerides and total cholesterol was maintained 1 month after Ramadan. By the end of Ramadan, serum HDL cholesterol had markedly increased (14.3%, p < 0.001) and remained elevated 1 month after Ramadan in contrast to LDL cholesterol which showed a significant decrease (11.7%, p < 0.001) also maintained 1 month after Ramadan. Mean body weight declined by 2.6% (p < 0.01) on day 29 of Ramadan, whereas during Ramadan, the diet pattern used by our subjects showed an increase of total energy intake due to carbohydrates (+1.4% of total energy), proteins (+0.4% of total energy) but not fat (-0.7% of total energy) compared to a usual diet used throughout the rest of the year. Moreover, the fat diet is high in monounsaturated (p < 0.05) and polyunsaturated fatty acid in contrast to saturated fatty acid which significantly (p < 0.05) decreased during Ramadan. These findings suggest that feeding behavior that occurs during Ramadan beneficially affects plasma lipids and lipoproteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting during Ramadan Induces a Marked Increase in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Decrease in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Adlouni¹,

et al. 1997

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“…The mean was 6 meals/d during the 14-d period (i.e., 7,4,9,3,5,8,6,5,9,8,3,4,7, and 6 meals/d, respectively). Participants were asked to eat their meals at specific times between 0800 and 2100 during both interventions to remove the potentially confounding impact of the time period over which food was consumed.…”

Section: Dietary Intervention Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This environment offers a greater individual choice with respect to the time of eating and potentially facilitates a greater interdaily variation in the meal pattern. Meal-pattern research, which was initiated in the 1960s, has been based on the premise that meal pattern is a stable characteristic for an individual with the interdaily repetition of, e.g., the meal frequency (2)(3)(4)(5). Few studies have evaluated the impact of meal-pattern irregularity (i.e., between-day variations) on energy metabolism and health in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irregular meal-pattern effects on energy expenditure, metabolism, and appetite regulation: a randomized controlled trial in healthy normal-weight women

Alhussain

Macdonald

Taylor

2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Obesity is increasing in parallel with greater all-day food availability. The latter may promote meal irregularity, dysregulation of the energy balance, and poor metabolic health. Objective: We investigated the effect of meal irregularity on the thermic effect of food (TEF), lipid concentrations, carbohydrate metabolism, subjective appetite, and gut hormones in healthy women. Design: Eleven normal-weight women (18-40 y of age) were recruited in a randomized crossover trial with two 14-d isoenergetic diet periods (identical foods provided and free living) that were separated by a 14-d habitual diet washout period. In period 1, participants followed a regular meal pattern (6 meals/d) or an irregular meal pattern (3-9 meals/d), and in period 2, the alternative meal pattern was followed. Before and after each period, when participants were fasting and for 3 h after intake of a test drink, measurements were taken of energy expenditure, circulating glucose, lipids (fasting only), insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin. An ad libitum test meal was offered. Subjective appetite ratings were assessed while fasting, after the test drink, after the ad libitum meal, and during the intervention. Continuous interstitial glucose monitoring was undertaken for 3 consecutive days during each intervention, and the ambulatory activity pattern was recorded (ambulatory energy expenditure estimation). Results: Regularity was associated with a greater TEF (P , 0.05) and a lower incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose after intake of the test drink (over 3 h) and, for some identical meals, during the 2 interventions (over 90 min) (day 7: after breakfast; day 9: after lunch and dinner). There was no difference between treatments for the test-drink gut hormone response. A time effect was noted for fasting GLP-1, fasting PYY, PYY responses, and hunger-rating responses to the test drink (P , 0.05). Lower hunger and higher fullness ratings were seen premeal and postmeal during the regular period while subjects were free living. Conclusion: Meal regularity appears to be associated with greater TEF and lower glucose responses, which may favor weight management and metabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02052076.Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104:21-32.

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“…Als Begründung für dieses Vorgehen während einer Abmagerungskur kann man das rasch wiederkehrende und nur schwer zu bezähmende Hungergefühl nach Aufnahme der erlaubten Nahrung in einer einzigen Mahlzeit am Tag anführen. Darüber hinaus wurden jedoch in der Vergangenheit und werden manchmal auch heute noch günstige Wirkungen vieler kleiner Mahlzeiten auf die [Cohn und Joseph,I960], In den darauffolgenden Jahren wurden Unter suchungen am Menschen dahingehend inter pretiert, dass 'Gorging' im Vergleich zu 'Nibbling' sowohl bei Kindern [Fäbry et al, 1966] wie auch bei Erwachsenen [Fäbry et al, 1964] mit einem höheren Körpergewicht einhergeht und mit den dabei häufiger beob achteten Krankheiten Fettsucht, Hypercholesterinämie und Diabetes die Häufigkeit der koronaren Herzkrankheit zunimmt [Fäbry et al, 1968], Kurz dauernde Stoffwechselversu che am Menschen zeigten, dass die Konzen trationen von Cholesterin und den gesamten veresterten Fettsäuren sowie die orale Gluco setoleranz durch mehrere kleine Mahlzeiten günstig beeinflusst werden [Gwinup et al, 1963a;Gwinup et al, 1963b] Der Gasaustausch (CU-Aufnahme, CCU-Abgabe) wurde in Rcspiralionskammem nach dem offenen Sy stem durch kontinuierliche Messung des Luftdurchsat zes und der Luftzusammensetzung ermittelt. Die tägli che Energiebilanz (Energierctention) der Versuchsper sonen wurde nach der Kohlenstoff-Stickstoff-Bilanz (CN-Mcthode) und die Wärmeproduktion nach der RQ-Methode berechnet (Brouwer, 1965].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Thermogenese des Menschen bei unterschiedlicher Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit

Wolfram¹,

Kirchgeßner²,

Müller³

et al. 1987

Ann Nutr Metab

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To a group of 8 healthy persons a slightly hypocaloric diet with protein (13% of energy), carbohydrates (46 % of energy) and fat (41 % of energy) was given as one meal or as five meals in a change-over trial. Each person was 2 weeks on each regimen. Under the conditions of slight undernutrition and neutral temperature the balances of nitrogen, carbon and energy were assessed in 7-day collection periods, and according to 48-hour measurements of gaseous exchange (carbon-nitrogen balance method) by the procedures of indirect calorimetry. Changes of body weight were statistically not significant. At isocaloric supply of metabolizable energy with exactly the same foods in different meal frequencies no differences were found in the retention of carbon and energy. Urinary nitrogen excretion was slightly greater with a single daily meal, indicating influences on protein metabolism. The protein-derived energy was compensated by a decrease in the fat oxidation. The heat production calculated by indirect calorimetry was not significantly different with either meal frequency. Water, sodium and potassium balances were not different. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol and uric acid were not influenced by meal frequency, glucose and triglycerides showed typical behaviour depending on the time interval to the last meal. The results demonstrate that the meal frequency did not influence the energy balance.

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Meal Frequency and Ischæmic Heart-Disease

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Fasting during Ramadan Induces a Marked Increase in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Decrease in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Fasting during Ramadan Induces a Marked Increase in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Decrease in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Irregular meal-pattern effects on energy expenditure, metabolism, and appetite regulation: a randomized controlled trial in healthy normal-weight women

Thermogenese des Menschen bei unterschiedlicher Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit

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Meal Frequency and Ischæmic Heart-Disease

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Fasting during Ramadan Induces a Marked Increase in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Decrease in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Fasting during Ramadan Induces a Marked Increase in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Decrease in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Irregular meal-pattern effects on energy expenditure, metabolism, and appetite regulation: a randomized controlled trial in healthy normal-weight women

Thermogenese des Menschen bei unterschiedlicher Mahlzeitenh&auml;ufigkeit

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Thermogenese des Menschen bei unterschiedlicher Mahlzeitenhäufigkeit