Meal and Snack Patterns Are Associated with Dietary Intake of Energy and Nutrients in US Adults

Kerver, Jean M.; Yang, Eun Ju; Obayashi, Saori; Bianchi, Leonard J.; Song, Won O.

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2005.09.045

Cited by 205 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In particular, energy from snack foods is significantly underreported among obese women (Kerver et al, 2006). In the study reported here, application of conversation analysis principles (Tapsell et al, 2000) should have improved the accuracy of reporting for both meals and snacks, although this was not directly tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This eating pattern may have more intraindividual structure than is apparent from the artificially structured dietary interview, which may lead to falsely elevated measures of variability in macronutrient intakes when meals and snacks are compared. Indeed, others (Westerterp-Plantenga et al, 1996;Kerver et al, 2006) have found that the pattern of dietary intake on any given day influences the nutrient intake variability of that day. Therefore, if dietary intake records are structured in a way that does not reflect a 'true' pattern of intake for an individual, an inaccurate representation of the pattern (meals and snacks) of dietary intakes on weekends may be falsely interpreted as random error associated with weekend versus weekday variability in nutrient intakes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minimizing random error in dietary intakes assessed by 24-h recall, in overweight and obese adults

et al. 2007

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Objective: To determine the minimum number of days of dietary intake interviews required to reduce the effects of random error (day-to-day variability in dietary intake) when using the multiple-pass, multiple-day, 24-h recall method. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University research department. Subjects: A total of 50 healthy non-smoking overweight and obese (body mass index ¼ 26-40 kg/m 2 ) adult men and women aged 39-45 years completed the study. Participants were randomly selected from volunteers for a larger unrelated study. Interventions: Each participant completed 10, multiple-pass, 24-h recall interviews on randomly chosen days over 4 weeks. The minimum number of record days was determined for each macronutrient (carbohydrate, fat, protein) and energy, for each gender, to obtain a 'true' (unobservable) representative intake from reported (observed) dietary intakes. Results: The greatest number of days required to obtain a 'true' representative intake was 8 days. Carbohydrate intakes required the greatest number of days of dietary record among males (7 days), whereas protein required the greatest number of days among females (8 days) in this cohort. Sunday was the day of the week that showed greatest variability in macronutrient intakes. Protein (Po0.05) and fat (Po0.001) intakes were significantly more variable than carbohydrate on Sundays compared with weekdays, for both men and women. Conclusion: A logistically achievable 8 days of dietary intake interviews was sufficient to minimize the effect of random error when using the multiple-pass, 24-h recall dietary intake method. Sunday should be included among the dietary interview days to ensure a 'true' representation of macronutrient intakes. This method can be confidently applied to small cohort studies in which dietary intakes from different groups are to be compared or to investigations of associations between nutrient intakes and disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing random error in dietary intakes assessed by 24-h recall, in overweight and obese adults

et al. 2007

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“…The effect of snacking on dietary intakes and their relationship with health (obesity, adequate calorie levels in older adults, etc.) has been examined but results are contradictory [26][27][28][29][30][31] . This article has analysed only those changes in the number of usual meals consumed by the general population based on specific questions included in the general questionnaire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in dietary habits and food consumption in Catalonia, Spain (1992–2003)

Ribas‐Barba

Serra-Majem

Salvador

et al. 2007

PHN

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Objective: To analyse trends in food habits and food consumption from 1992 to 2003. Design: Two consecutive cross-sectional nutrition surveys were carried out on random samples of the Catalan population (Evaluation of Nutritional Status in Catalonia (ENCAT) 1992-93 and ENCAT 2002-03). Dietary intake was assessed by means of two 24-hour recalls on non-consecutive days and a food frequency questionnaire was used to ascertain tendencies in the frequency of food consumption. Setting: Catalonia region, Northeastern Spain. Results: The trends from 1992 to 2003 showed an increase in eating between meals and outside the home. There was also an upsurge in consumers for fast food, especially among young adults. Notable decreases in fruit consumption (from 301 to 224 g day 21 ) as well as in vegetables, potatoes, meat (red meat and chicken), fish (whitefish and seafood) and offals were observed. In contrast, there was an increase in dairy product consumption, in general (from 255 to 312 g day 21 ), as well as low fat and skim milk derivatives. Fruit juice, nuts and olive oil consumption also increased, the latter being consumed daily by 96% of the population. Little variation was observed for the rest of the food groups in the period studied. Overall, Catalonia is characterised by a model of consumption that is quite favourable, inherent to Mediterranean countries but with important differences according to age. Conclusion: Based on the food consumption trends observed in Catalonia, an increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as wholegrain cereals and fish, should be promoted, along with a reduction in the consumption of meat and sausages. The main causes of mortality in developed countries are closely related to diet, alcohol consumption, smoking and low levels of physical activity. Interventions in public health aim to reduce the average health risk for the general population as well as to achieve an optimal state of health and wellbeing. This objective necessitates the development of food and nutrition policies oriented towards the health of the entire community, thus eliminating or decreasing the identified risk factors 1 . As such, public health systems should incorporate a component of nutrition monitoring, an essential tool for the detection of nutrition problems, policy formation and for the planning and evaluation of action programs in both established care settings as well as in emergency situations [2][3][4] . Nutrition monitoring in the community involves the collection and analysis of precise quantitative measures derived from representative samples of the population for the purpose of detecting trends 5,6 . For this reason, the first step would be to conduct an initial baseline survey so as to assess the nutritional status of the population and thus identify and quantify the magnitude of the major nutrition-related problems, as well as to ascertain the causes, at risk groups, related life style determinants, etc. In this way problems can be prioritised, solutions sought,

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“…In a study of nutrient intake and eating frequency using data from the NHANES III (1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994), carbohydrate intake for U.S. adults was 44.9-51.1% of daily energy intake in kilocalories, whereas fat accounted for 32.7-36.7% of energy intake [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-carbohydrate and high-fat intake among adult patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus

Olendzki

Hafner

et al. 2006

Nutrition

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Objective-This study examined baseline dietary intake, body weight, and physiologic status in patients enrolled in a dietary intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods-Dietary, physiologic, and demographic information were collected at baseline from 40 adult patients with poorly controlled T2DM (glycosylated hemoglobin >7%) who participated in a clinical trial at an academic medical center in Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.Results-The average age at enrollment was 53.5 y (SD 8.4), average body mass index was 35.48 kg/m 2 (SD 7.0), and glycosylated hemoglobin was 8.3% (SD 1.2). Participants were predominantly white, married, and employed full time. Forty-eight percent were men. Seventy-eight percent had hyperlipidemia, and 68% had hypertension. Reported baseline daily average energy intake was 1778 kcal (SD 814), daily carbohydrate was 159 g (SD 71.5), and dietary fiber was 11.4 g (SD 5.2). The dietary composition was 35% carbohydrate, 45% fat (15% saturated fat), and 20% protein. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines recommends 45-65% of energy from carbohydrate, 20-35% from fat (<7% saturated), and 20% from protein.Conclusion-These patients reported a low-carbohydrate, low-fiber, high-fat (especially saturated) diet, although they stated they are not following any of the popular low-carbohydrate diets. Patients with T2DM may find the current trend toward reducing weight through low-carbohydrate diets attractive for control of blood glucose, despite ADA recommendations. This dietary pattern may represent a popular trend that extends beyond our particular study and, if so, has serious cardiovascular implications in this vulnerable population of T2DM patients.

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Meal and Snack Patterns Are Associated with Dietary Intake of Energy and Nutrients in US Adults

Cited by 205 publications

References 17 publications

Minimizing random error in dietary intakes assessed by 24-h recall, in overweight and obese adults

Minimizing random error in dietary intakes assessed by 24-h recall, in overweight and obese adults

Trends in dietary habits and food consumption in Catalonia, Spain (1992–2003)

Low-carbohydrate and high-fat intake among adult patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus

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