MDMA: Interactions with other psychoactive drugs

Mohamed, Wael; Hamida, Sami Ben; Cassel, Jean‐Christophe; Vasconcelos, Anne Pereira de; Jones, Byron C.

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.06.032

Cited by 71 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 316 publications

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“…Women reported to use MDMA during their pregnancy showed a higher use of alcohol and binge drinking compared to pregnant women not taking MDMA [3]. The simultaneous use of MDMA and alcohol is a cause of concern due to the possible exacerbation of neurotoxic effects, psychiatric symptomatology and cognitive deficits [1,4,5] not only for the pregnant mother, but also for the unborn baby, whose neurocognitive development may be severely compromised. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) Alters Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Causes Enduring Memory Deficits

Canales

Ferrer-Donato²

2014

Dev Neurosci

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Recreational drug use among pregnant women is a source of concern due to potential harmful effects of drug exposure on prenatal and infant development. The simultaneous abuse of ecstasy [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)] and alcohol is prevalent among young adults, including young expectant mothers. Here, we used a rat model to study the potential risks associated with exposure to alcohol and MDMA during pregnancy. Pregnant rats received alcohol, MDMA, or both alcohol and MDMA by gavage at E13 through E15 twice daily. Female offspring treated prenatally with the combination of alcohol and MDMA, but not those exposed to either drug separately, showed at 3 months of age decreased exploratory activity and impaired working memory function. Prenatal treatment with the combination of alcohol and MDMA decreased proliferation of neuronal precursors in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, as measured by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine labelling, and adult neurogenesis, assessed by quantifying doublecortin expression. These results provide the first evidence that the simultaneous abuse of alcohol and ecstasy during pregnancy, even for short periods of time, may cause significant abnormalities in neurocognitive development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) Alters Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Causes Enduring Memory Deficits

Canales

Ferrer-Donato²

2014

Dev Neurosci

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“…Reported drug abuse scenarios show that it is common practice among misusers to consume multiple substances (Barrett et al 2006;Wu et al 2006;Mohamed et al 2011). In addition to the deliberate intake of different types of drugs by the users, inadvertent consumption of multiple substances often occurs, as large number of other chemicals are regularly found in ecstasy party pills (Pavlic et al 2010;Morefield et al 2011), including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), dextroamphetamine (d-AMP), methamphetamine (METH), ketamine, mephedrone, cocaine and even the highly toxic 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA), which has been linked to several fatalities (Elliott 2000;De Letter et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risky cocktail: what combination effects can we expect between ecstasy and other amphetamines?

2012

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The recreational and illicit use of amphetaminic designer compounds, specially 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy), is of concern worldwide. Such psychostimulating drugs are frequently present as complex mixtures in 'rave' pills, making concomitant polysubstance use a common trend. However, the understanding of possible combination effects with these substances is still scarce. The present study was aimed at predicting the cytotoxic effects of mixtures of four amphetaminic derivatives: MDMA, methamphetamine, 4-methylthioamphetamine and d-amphetamine in a human hepatoma cell line. Concentration-response curves for all single-mixture components were recorded by the MTT assay. Data obtained for individual agents were then used to compute the additivity expectations for mixtures of definite composition, using the pharmacological models of concentration addition (CA) and independent action. By comparing the predicted calculations with the experimentally observed effects, we concluded that CA accurately predicts the combination of amphetamines, which act together to generate additive effects over a large range of concentrations. Notably, we observed substantial mixture effects even when each drug was present at low concentrations, which individually produced unnoticeable effects. Nonetheless, for all tested mixtures, a small deviation from additivity was observed towards higher concentrations, particularly at high effect levels. A possible metabolic interaction, which could explain such deviation, was investigated, and it was observed that at higher mixture concentrations increased MDMA metabolism could be contributing to divergences from additivity. In conclusion, the present work clearly demonstrates that potentially harmful interactions among amphetaminic drugs are expected when these drugs are taken concomitantly.

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“…Alcohol also likely prolongs the subjective effects of MDMA (Hernandez-Lopez et al, 2002). Another study showed that alcohol tends to reduce hyperthermia induced by MDMA (Mohamed et al, 2011). Cannabis use in combination with phenethylamines is common and often recommended in lay user forums to avoid a bad "come down".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cannabis may also decrease the negative effects of MDMA (e.g., aggressive behaviour or negative symptoms). The combination of cocaine with MDMA is referred to as "cloud mind" or "bumping up" (Mohamed et al, 2011). ingested product is seldom known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recreational phenethylamine poisonings reported to a French poison control center

Roux

Bruneau

Lelièvre

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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MDMA: Interactions with other psychoactive drugs

Cited by 71 publications

References 316 publications

Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) Alters Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Causes Enduring Memory Deficits

Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) Alters Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Causes Enduring Memory Deficits

The risky cocktail: what combination effects can we expect between ecstasy and other amphetamines?

Recreational phenethylamine poisonings reported to a French poison control center

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