MDMA (Ecstasy) use and psychiatric problems

Guillot, Casey R.; Berman, Mitchell E.

doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0606-x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Although hippocampal GABA has yet to be measured in human MDMA users, disruption of GABA innervation (figure 4) may be related to the behavioral deficits associated with MDMA abuse such as disinhibition and depression (Guillot and Berman, 2007, McCann et al, 1996, Montoya et al, 2002, Thomasius et al, 2006). For example, major depressive disorder is associated with lower brain GABA levels, and in patients with depression, the GABA deficit is reversed with selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant pharmacotherapy (Sanacora et al, 2000, Sanacora and Saricicek, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDMA administration decreases serotonin but not N-acetylaspartate in the rat brain

et al. 2010

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In animals, repeated administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) reduces markers of serotonergic activity and studies show similar serotonergic deficits in human MDMA users. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) at 11.7 Tesla, we measured the metabolic neurochemical profile in intact, discrete tissue punches taken from prefrontal cortex, anterior striatum, and hippocampus of rats administered MDMA (5 mg/kg IP, 4× q 2 h) or saline and euthanized 7 days after the last injection. Monoamine content was measured with HPLC in contralateral punches from striatum and hippocampus to compare the MDMA-induced loss of 5HT innervation with constituents in the 1 H-MRS profile. When assessed 7 days after the last MDMA injection, levels of hippocampal and striatal serotonin (5HT) were significantly reduced, consistent with published animal studies. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels were significantly increased in prefrontal cortex and not affected in anterior striatum or hippocampus; myo-inositol (INS) levels were increased in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus but not anterior striatum. Glutamate levels were increased in prefrontal cortex and decreased in hippocampus, while GABA levels were decreased only in hippocampus. The data suggest that NAA may not reliably reflect MDMA-induced 5HT neurotoxicity. However, the collective pattern of changes in 5HT, INS, glutamate and GABA is consistent with persistent hippocampal neuroadaptations caused by MDMA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDMA administration decreases serotonin but not N-acetylaspartate in the rat brain

et al. 2010

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“…Posledice so lahko izredno neprijetne, od psihotičnih reaktivnih reakcij do smrtnih intoksikacij idr. (Guillot & Berman, 2007;Šegrec & Kastelic, 2010;Drev, et al, 2012;Paš & Žiberna, 2014).…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

Uporaba novih psihoaktivnih snovi med študenti zdravstvenih in pedagoških poklicev

Bučan¹,

Bregar

2017

Obzor Zdrav Neg

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Uvod: Nove psihoaktivne snovi so dokaj neraziskane in predstavljajo velik problem za našo družbo. Problem uživanja novih psihoaktivnih snovi se pojavlja v vseh starostnih skupinah, tudi med študenti. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati uporabo, odnos in poznavanje novih psihoaktivnih snovi med študenti. Metode: Raziskava je temeljila na deskriptivni metodi kvantitativnega raziskovanja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 311 študentov z dveh fakultet, ki izvajata študij zdravstvene nege, in fakultete s področja pedagoških poklicev. Podatki so bili obdelani s pomočjo deskriptivne, univariatne, bivariatne in multivariatne statistike. Rezultati: Najbolj poznane nove psihoaktivne snovi so nekoliko starejše, kot so ekstazi (n = 26, 7,2 %), spid oziroma amfetamin (n = 26, 7,2 %) in LSD (n = 15, 4,06 %). Med fakultetami obstajajo razlike v poznavanju novih psihoaktivnih snovi (χ2(2) = 8,629, p = 0,013). Odnos do drog je med anketiranci večinoma pretirano kritičen ali moralističen. Nove psihoaktivne snovi uživa več kot desetina anketirancev (n = 42, 13,5 %). Anketiranci, ki uživajo drogo, večinoma prihajajo iz vaškega okolja (n = 29, 69,04 %), so kadilci (n = 33, 78,57 %) in uživajo alkoholne pijače (n = 37, 95,24 %). Diskusija in zaključek: Za splošno poznavanje novih psihoaktivnih snovi so študentje premalo poučeni. Raziskava je pokazala potrebo po dodatnih izobraževanjih.

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“…In addition, MDMA has been postulated to be useful in the development of more efficacious pharmacological handling of neuropsychiatric disorders with a high rate of failure such as depression [19, 20], post-traumatic stress disorder [21-23], autism [24], and even substance abuse [25]. Nevertheless, as for almost every population of individuals, caution is recommended with MDMA use in some neuropsychiatric patients, probably because of their increased susceptibility to acute and/or chronic abreactions to the drug [13, 26]. Among these, MDMA may induce in susceptible individuals persistent acute toxic hyperthermia, an effect that might be fatal as a result of primary renal failure [27] and is also sensitive to sex differences [28].…”

Section: Mdma: Neither a Hallucinogen Nor A Stimulantmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) Analogues as Tools to Characterize MDMA-Like Effects: An Approach to Understand Entactogen Pharmacology

Sáez-Briones

Hernández

2013

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Besides stimulants and hallucinogens, whose psychotropic effects are shared by many structurally related molecules exhibiting different efficacies and potencies in humans, the phenylisopropylamine MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, XTC, “Ecstasy”) is the prototypical representative of a separate class of psychotropic substance, able to elicit the so-called entactogenic syndrome in healthy humans. This reversible altered state of consciousness, usually described as an “open mind state”, may have relevant therapeutic applications, both in psychotherapy and as a pharmacological support in many neuropsychiatric disorders with a high rate of treatment failure. Nevertheless, a comprehensive and systematic exploration of the structure-activity relationships associated with entactogenic activity has remained incomplete and controversial, highlighting the possibility that MDMA might represent a pharmacological rarity in the field of psychotropics. As the latter is still an open question, the pharmacological characterization of MDMA analogues remains the logical strategy to attempt the elucidation of the structural requirements needed to elicit typical MDMA-like effects. Intriguingly, almost no experimental evidence supports the existence of actual MDMA analogues that truly resemble the whole pharmacological profile of MDMA, probably due to its complex (and partially not fully understood) mechanism of action that includes a disruption of monoaminergic neurotransmission. The present review presents a brief summary of the pharmacology of MDMA, followed by the evidence accumulated over the years regarding the characterization of classical structurally related MDMA analogues in different models and how this state of the art highlights the need to develop new and better MDMA analogues.

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MDMA (Ecstasy) use and psychiatric problems

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

MDMA administration decreases serotonin but not N-acetylaspartate in the rat brain

MDMA administration decreases serotonin but not N-acetylaspartate in the rat brain

Uporaba novih psihoaktivnih snovi med študenti zdravstvenih in pedagoških poklicev

MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) Analogues as Tools to Characterize MDMA-Like Effects: An Approach to Understand Entactogen Pharmacology

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