MDMA administration attenuates hippocampal IL-β immunoreactivity and subsequent stress-enhanced fear learning: An animal model of PTSD

Parekh, Shveta V.; Adams, Lydia O.; Barkell, Gillian A; Lysle, Donald T.

doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100542

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…This is consistent with findings that indicated IL-6 and IL1B levels were elevated in depressive-like behavior and anxiety [ 54 ]. IL-1β levels in the dorsal hippocampus after the stress-enhanced fear model were similarly shown to be higher in the data [ 55 ]. Our findings demonstrated that administering CPA lowers pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus tissues, which is related to reduced behavioral dysfunction, as demonstrated by our behavioral tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Forced Swimming-Induced Depressive-like Behavior and Anxiety Are Reduced by Chlorpheniramine via Suppression of Oxidative and Inflammatory Mediators and Activating the Nrf2-BDNF Signaling Pathway

Alamri,

Mufti,

Sabir

et al. 2023

CIMB

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The first-generation antihistamine chlorpheniramine (CPA) is believed to have both anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. The current study sought to assess the mechanisms behind the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of CPA therapy concerning oxidative stress, inflammation, and nuclear factor p45 for erythroid 2-Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Nrf2-BDNF) signaling pathway in forced swimming-induced depressive-like behavior and anxiety. Eighteen male Wistar rats (180–200 gm) rats were separated into three groups (n = 6): a stressed group (acute stress) that underwent the forced swimming test (FST) and a stressed group that received pretreatment with CPA (10 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks (CPA + acute stress). Animals were subsequently put through the following behavioral tests after undergoing a forced swim test (FST) for 5 min: an immobility test, open field test, and elevated plus maze test. Serum cortisol levels were measured when the rats were euthanized at the end of the experiments. Brain neurotransmitters (cortisol, serotonin, and noradrenaline), oxidative stress (SOD and MDA), inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-1) biomarkers, and the Nrf2-BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex tissues was determined. CPA prevented stress-induced increases in cortisol levels (p < 0.0001), decreased brain neurotransmitters, and increased oxidative stress and inflammation. CPA also upregulated the Nrf2-BDNF signaling pathway. Thus, CPA mitigates depressive-like behavior and anxiety by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulating the Nrf2-BDNF signaling pathway in the brain tissues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%