“…However, in a recent study, Dharel et al reported that SNP309 is associated with the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C [22]. In concordance with the study by Dharel et al, two recent studies indicated an association between the G genotype and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in Moroccan and Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B infections [23,24].…”
a b s t r a c tLoss of function of the p53 protein, which may occur through a range of molecular events, is critical in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) evolution. MDM2, an oncogene, acts as a major regulator of the p53 protein. A polymorphism in the MDM2 promoter, SNP309 (T/G), has been shown to alter protein expression and may thus play a role in carcinogenesis. MDM2 SNP309 is also associated with HCC. However, the role of SNP309 in hepatocarcinogenesis with respect to TP53 mutations is unknown. In this study, we investigated the distribution of the MDM2 SNP309 genotype and somatic TP53 (the p53 tumor suppressor gene) mutations in 99 human HCC samples from Africa, Europe, China and Japan. Samples exhibited striking geographical differences in their distribution of SNP309 genotypes. The frequency and spectrum of p53 mutations also varied geographically; TP53 mutations were frequent in Africa, where the SNP309 T/T genotype predominated but were rare in Europe and Japan, where the SNP309 G allele was present more frequently.TP53 mutations were detected in 18% (4/22) of SNP309 T/G and G/G and 82% (18/22) of SNP309 T/T genotype holders; this difference was statistically highly significant (P-value = 0.0006).Our results indicated that the presence of the SNP309 G allele is inversely associated with the presence of somatic TP53 mutations because they only coincided in 4% of HCC cases. This finding suggests that the SNP309 G allele may functionally replace p53 mutations, and in addition to known etiological factors, may be partly responsible for differential HCC prevalence.
“…However, in a recent study, Dharel et al reported that SNP309 is associated with the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C [22]. In concordance with the study by Dharel et al, two recent studies indicated an association between the G genotype and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in Moroccan and Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B infections [23,24].…”
a b s t r a c tLoss of function of the p53 protein, which may occur through a range of molecular events, is critical in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) evolution. MDM2, an oncogene, acts as a major regulator of the p53 protein. A polymorphism in the MDM2 promoter, SNP309 (T/G), has been shown to alter protein expression and may thus play a role in carcinogenesis. MDM2 SNP309 is also associated with HCC. However, the role of SNP309 in hepatocarcinogenesis with respect to TP53 mutations is unknown. In this study, we investigated the distribution of the MDM2 SNP309 genotype and somatic TP53 (the p53 tumor suppressor gene) mutations in 99 human HCC samples from Africa, Europe, China and Japan. Samples exhibited striking geographical differences in their distribution of SNP309 genotypes. The frequency and spectrum of p53 mutations also varied geographically; TP53 mutations were frequent in Africa, where the SNP309 T/T genotype predominated but were rare in Europe and Japan, where the SNP309 G allele was present more frequently.TP53 mutations were detected in 18% (4/22) of SNP309 T/G and G/G and 82% (18/22) of SNP309 T/T genotype holders; this difference was statistically highly significant (P-value = 0.0006).Our results indicated that the presence of the SNP309 G allele is inversely associated with the presence of somatic TP53 mutations because they only coincided in 4% of HCC cases. This finding suggests that the SNP309 G allele may functionally replace p53 mutations, and in addition to known etiological factors, may be partly responsible for differential HCC prevalence.
“…It has been suggested that this SNP is associated with the risk and early onset age of various human cancers [19] . Some studies have shown that MDM2-SNP309 is associated with the risk of HCC in Japanese and Moroccan patients with chronic hepatitis C, and Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B [20][21][22] . Although > 50% of HCC cases are reported from Asia, it remains largely unknown whether MDM2-SNP309 influences the risk and onset age of HCC in other countries in this region, except for Japan and Korea.…”
Author contributions: Leu JD was responsible for case and control number design and evaluation; Lin IF and Liu CC performed the statistical analysis and provided interpretation of the results; Sun YF was responsible for DNA extraction and MDM2 SNP309 genotyping; Chen SM was responsible for collection of blood samples, signed consent forms and filled questionnaires; Lee YJ designed the study, carried out the genotyping, investigated the progression of this study and prepared the manuscript; all co-authors read and approved this final manuscript.
METHODS:We analyzed MDM2-SNP309 genotypes from 58 patients with HCC and 138 cancer-free healthy controls consecutively. Genotyping of MDM2-SNP309 was conducted by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.
RESULTS:The proportion of homozygous MDM2-SNP309 genotype (G/G) in cases and cancer-free healthy controls was similar (17.2% vs 16.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of G/G genotype of MDM2-SNP309 vs wild-type T/T genotype in patients with HCC was not significant (OR = 1.265, 95% CI = 0.074-21.77) after adjustment for sex, hepatitis B or C virus infection, age, and cardiovascular disease/ diabetes. Nevertheless, there was a trend that GG genotype of MDM2-SNP309 might increase the risk in HCC patients infected with hepatitis virus (OR = 2.568, 95% CI = 0.054-121.69). Besides, the homozygous MDM2-SNP309 genotype did not exhibit a significantly earlier age of onset for HCC.
CONCLUSION:Current data suggest that the association between MDM2-SNP309 GG genotype and HCC is not significant, while the risk may be enhanced in patients infected by hepatitis virus in Taiwan.
“…In recent years, several studies focused on the association between MDM2 SNP309 T/G polymorphism and liver cancer risk (Dharel et al, 2006;Ezzikouri et al, 2009;Akkiz et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012), but obvious inconsistence existed among those studies. Each of these studies typically involved a few cases and controls and failed to confirm a strong and consistent association.…”
Section: Association Between Mdm2 Promoter Snp309 T/g Polymorphism Anmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With our search criterion, 78 individual records were found, but only 8 full-text publications were preliminarily identified for further detailed evaluation (Dharel et al, 2006;Yoon et al, 2008;Ezzikouri et al, 2009;Leu et al, 2009;Akkiz et al, 2010;Di Vuolo et al, 2011;Ezzikouri et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2012). According to the exclusion criteria, 1 publication was excluded for containing overlapping data (Ezzikouri et al, 2011).…”
Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to the exclusion criteria, 1 publication was excluded for containing overlapping data (Ezzikouri et al, 2011). Finally, data were available from 7 individual case-control studies with a total of 2725 subjects (Dharel et al, 2006;Yoon et al, 2008;Ezzikouri et al, 2009;Leu et al, 2009;Akkiz et al, 2010;Di Vuolo et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2012). These seven individual case-control studies were published from 2006 to 2012.…”
Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning
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