MDM of Hybrid Modes in Multimode Fiber

Abstract

This paper reports on MDM of a combination of helical-phased modes comprising ring modes and HG modes. 44Gbps data transmission is achieved by a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-MDM system of two center-launched helical-phased ring modes and two 3µm radially offset HG mode on wavelengths 1550.12nm and 1551.72nm for a 1500m-long multimode fiber. The power coupling coefficients, degenerate mode group delays and bit error rates are analyzed for different HG modes and radial offsets.

Boosted PTS Method with Mu-Law Companding Techniques for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

“…Figure 3 shows the OFDM Mu-Law companding technique. The signal for Mu-Law compression at the transmitter can be expressed as (6) where is instantaneous magnitude of the input, is the peak magnitude of , is a sign function, and is the Mu-Law compand parameter.…”

“…It is habitually utilized in numerical acoustic plus record dissemination, and portable interactive media [2,3]. Conversely, OFDM is apt large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which result in nonlinear distortion of the power amplifiers and weaken the performance of the OFDM system; this is common in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) [4,5] and Mode Division Multiplexing [6,7]. Several approaches has been taking into consideration to reduce PAPR, including cutting [8], classification [9], clipping and refining [10], tone injection (TI) [11], dynamic constellation expansion [12], tenor preservation [13], and manifold signal depiction schemes such as selected mapping (SLM) [14] and interlacing [15], along with partial transmit sequence cord (PTS) [16].…”

Mitigation of Atmospheric Turbulences Using Mode Division Multiplexing based on Decision Feedback Equalizer for Free Space Optics

“…Furthermore, the FSO guarantees increasing the capacity by using mode division multiplexing (MDM) technology. MDM is a promising technology [9][10][11] used to transmit the optical signal or light beams in form of modes such as Laguerre-Gaussian mode [12,13], Hermite-Gaussian (HG) mode [14,15], helical-phase mode [16,1718], spot mode, and donut mode [14,16,19] through the transmission channel that leads to expand the capacity . This technology has been used over optical fibre and FSO, where it successfully achieved increasing the data capacity.…”