MBMQA: A Multicriteria-Aware Routing Approach for the IoT 5G Network Based on D2D Communication

Abstract

With the rapid development of future wireless networks, device-to-device (D2D) technology is widely used as the communication system in the Internet of Things (IoT) fifth generation (5G) network. The IoT 5G network based on D2D communication technology provides pervasive intelligent applications. However, to realize this reliable technology, several issues need to be critically addressed. Firstly, the device’s energy is constrained during its vital operations due to limited battery power; thereby, the connectivity will suffer from link failures when the device’s energy is exhausted. Similarly, the device’s mobility alters the network topology in an arbitrary manner, which affects the stability of established routes. Meanwhile, traffic congestion occurs in the network due to the backlog packet in the queue of devices. This paper presents a Mobility, Battery, and Queue length Multipath-Aware (MBMQA) routing scheme for the IoT 5G network based on D2D communication to cope with these key challenges. The back-pressure algorithm strategy is employed to divert packet flow and illuminate the device selection’s estimated value. Furthermore, a Multiple-Attributes Route Selection (MARS) metric is applied for the optimal route selection with load balancing in the D2D-based IoT 5G network. Overall, the obtained simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MBMQA routing scheme significantly improves the network performance and quality of service (QoS) as compared with the other existing routing schemes.

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“…The significant features of fission-fusion behavior in spider monkeys are as: i) in SMO, all spider monkeys keep a cluster of 20 to 40 individuals; ii) when there is a food shortage, the global leader (GL) divides the entire group into subgroups, with each group exploring individually; iii) each subgroup searches the food under a local leader (LL); iv) to socialize with other group members, they employ a distinct sound. Let Xi be the ith member of population of size N, whose D-dimensional vector as Xi=𝑋 𝑖 1 , 𝑋 𝑖 2 , … , 𝑋 𝑖 𝑗 , … , 𝑋 𝑖 𝐷 and is initialized using (10).…”