May Measurement Month 2022: An Analysis of Blood Pressure Screening Findings from Sierra Leone

Abstract

Introduction Elevated blood pressure, a major modifiable risk factor for death and disability globally, remains a significant public health challenge despite increased knowledge of preventive measures. Its high prevalence and underdiagnosis, particularly in low-resource settings, necessitate effective interventions. Methods The May Measurement Month (MMM) initiative by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) aims to raise awareness and promote screening programs. This study presents the findings of the MMM 2022 in Sierra Leone. We conducted an opportunistic cross-sectional study in Sierra Leone from May to September 2022, enrolling 818 participants aged 18 or older. Results Among the participants (mean age 38.0 years, predominantly Black), the prevalence of hypertension was 25.7% (210 out 818 participants). However, only 17% (140 out of 818) of the participants were previously diagnosed with hypertension. The findings revealed a wide range of antihypertensive medication use among the known hypertensives, ranging from no medication to the use of five or more medication classes. Approximately 43.6% of the known hypertensives were taking one antihypertensive medication, while 22.9% were taking two medications. A significant proportion, 42.9%, of the known hypertensives did not consistently adhere to their antihypertensive medication regimen, citing common reasons such as cost, availability, side effects, and forgetfulness. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of community-based screening in identifying undiagnosed hypertension and emphasizes the need for expanded or alternative screening and referral programs to increase awareness, promote preventive measures, and improve hypertension management in Sierra Leone.