Maxwellian mirages in general relativity

Williams, L. L.; Inan, Nader

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/abf322

Cited by 8 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In summary, the fields (30) are defined, one can write the field equations [11,19,28,32,63,67,68,76,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91]:…”

Section: Gravito-maxwell Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconductors and Gravity

Gallerati

Ummarino

2022

Symmetry

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We review and discuss some recent developments on the unconventional interaction between superconducting systems and the local gravitational field. While it is known that gravitational perturbations (such as gravitational waves) can affect supercondensates and supercurrents dynamics, we want to focus here on the more subtle superfluid back-reaction acting on the surrounding gravitational field, analysing some specific favourable situations. To this end, we will consider suitable quantum macrosystems in a coherent state, immersed in the static weak Earth’s gravitational field, investigating possible slight local alterations of the latter not explained in terms of classical physics.

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“…In summary, the fields (30) are defined, one can write the field equations [11,19,28,32,63,67,68,76,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91]:…”

Section: Gravito-maxwell Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconductors and Gravity

Gallerati

Ummarino

2022

Symmetry

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“…Since we are using harmonic coordinates, ∂ ν hµν = 0, then the last term in (38) can also be expressed using ∇ • h = − φG /c 2 . 13 In standard London theory, the requirement that ∇ϕ = 0 inside a superconductor follows from inserting…”

Section: London Equations Meissner Effects and Penetration Depthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconductor Meissner effects for gravito-electromagnetic fields in harmonic coordinates due to non-relativistic gravitational sources

Inan¹

2022

Preprint

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It is well known that a covariant Lagrangian for relativistic charged particles can lead to a vanishing Hamiltonian. Alternatively, it is shown that using a "space+time" Lagrangian leads to a new canonical momentum and minimal coupling rule that describes the coupling of both electromagnetic and gravitational fields to a relativistic charged particle. Discrepancies between Hamiltonians obtained by various authors are resolved. The canonical momentum leads to a new form of the London equations and London gauge. Using the linearized Einstein field equation in harmonic coordinates, and a non-relativistic ideal fluid, leads to gravito-electromagnetic field equations. These are used to obtain new penetration depths for both the magnetic and gravito-magnetic fields. A key result is that the gravito-magnetic field is expelled from a superconductor only when a magnetic field is also present. The flux quantum in the body of a superconductor, and the quantized supercurrent in a superconducting ring are derived. Lastly, the case of a superconducting ring in the presence of a charged rotating mass cylinder is used as an example of applying the formalism developed.

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“…Gravito-magnetic effects also emerge in the geodesic equation written to linear order in metric perturbations h µν , where g µν η µν + h µν . To linear order in test particle speed, the geodesic equation linear in the metric perturbations has the form [19]:…”

Section: Inductive Frame Draggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the linear approximation of the field equations, the off-diagonal components of (44) in turn have their origin in static mass currents [19]:…”

Section: Inductive Frame Draggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The units of T tk are momentum density or energy flux, and so they represent a mass current. Along with the transverse constraint that ∂ k h tk = 0, (47) governs two of the six physical degrees of freedom of the linear gravitational field [19]. Those degrees of freedom are clearly elliptical, with sources in the mass currents.…”

Section: Inductive Frame Draggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inductive Rectilinear Frame Dragging and Local Coupling to the Gravitational Field of the Universe

Williams¹,

Inan

2021

Universe

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There is a drag force on objects moving in the background cosmological metric, known from galaxy cluster dynamics. The force is quite small over laboratory timescales, yet it applies in principle to all moving bodies in the universe. The drag force can be understood as inductive rectilinear frame dragging because it also exists in the rest frame of a moving object, and it arises in that frame from the off-diagonal components induced in the boosted-frame metric. Unlike the Kerr metric or other typical frame-dragging geometries, cosmological inductive dragging occurs at uniform velocity, along the direction of motion, and dissipates energy. Proposed gravito-magnetic invariants formed from contractions of the Riemann tensor do not capture inductive dragging effects, and this might be the first identification of inductive rectilinear dragging. The existence of this drag force proves it is possible for matter in motion through a finite region to exchange momentum and energy with the gravitational field of the universe. The cosmological metric can in principle be determined through this force from local measurements on moving bodies, at resolutions similar to that of the Pound–Rebka experiment.

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Maxwellian mirages in general relativity

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Superconductors and Gravity

Superconductors and Gravity

Superconductor Meissner effects for gravito-electromagnetic fields in harmonic coordinates due to non-relativistic gravitational sources

Inductive Rectilinear Frame Dragging and Local Coupling to the Gravitational Field of the Universe

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