Maximum Visual Efficiency of Colored Materials

MacAdam, David L.

doi:10.1364/josa.25.000361

Cited by 169 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…The initial studies of Schrödinger 6 and Rösch 7 were summarized by MacAdam in the following theorem: the maximum attainable purity for a material, from a specific given visual efficiency and wavelength, can be obtained if the spectrophotometric curve has as possible values zero or one only, with solely two transitions between these two values in all the visible spectrum. In 1935 MacAdam demonstrated this theorem 4 by assuming an equivalence between this problem and the calculation of the gravity center in additive color mixing. Therefore, the Rösch-MacAdam color solid can be understood as the color space derived from the color-matching functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computation and visualization of the MacAdam limits for any lightness, hue angle, and light source

et al. 2007

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We present a systematic algorithm capable of searching for optimal colors for any lightness L * (between 0 and 100), any illuminant (D65, F2, F7, F11, etc.), and any light source reported by CIE. Color solids are graphed in some color spaces (CIELAB, SVF, DIN99d, and CIECAM02) by horizontal (constant lightness) and transversal (constant hue angle) sections. Color solids plotted in DIN99d and CIECAM02 color spaces look more spherical or homogeneous than the ones plotted in CIELAB and SVF color spaces. Depending on the spectrum of the light source or illuminant, the shape of its color solid and its content (variety of distinguishable colors, with or without color correspondence) change drastically, particularly with sources whose spectrum is discontinuous and/or very peaked, with correlated color temperature lower than 5500 K. This could be used to propose an absolute colorimetric quality index for light sources comparing the volumes of their gamuts, in a uniform color space.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computation and visualization of the MacAdam limits for any lightness, hue angle, and light source

et al. 2007

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“…The shape of the psychological color solid may be described as a grossly misshapen grapefruit, set so that the pithy core is vertical with an irregular outer surface or skin, determined by the MacAdam theoretical pigment limits [4]. The bounding surface has been determined in Munsell renotation terms by Nickerson and Newhall [8].…”

Section: Peripheral Color-name Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central notations for the revised iscc-nbs color-name blocks

Kelly¹

1958

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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Nickerso n and Newhall published, in 1941, the central notations of the original ISCC -NBS (Inter-Society Color Council-National Bureau of Standards) color-name blocks which were u sed in the preparat ion of the soil and rock color-name charts. In 1955, the ISCC-NBS color-nam e blocks were r evised to accord more closely with usage in the texti le and other fi eld s (NBS Circu lar 553). The central notations of these revised color-name blocks have been computed and are given in the prese nt paper in tabu lar form. A color chart s llow. ing t he central colors of the 267 ISCC--NBS color-n ame blocks wou1d se rv e for rapid determination of the J SCC-NBS color d esignation, es pecially in field wor k where spee d and ease of operation are more important than high accuracy.

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“…With the same intention, the color rendering capability of a light was introduced by Xu [11] as a measure of the capability of the light for revealing many different colors and was evaluated by the color volume enclosed by the optimal colors expressed in the three-dimensional space CIE 1976 L u v . The optimal colors represent the theoretical limits of all colors arising only by reflection (or transmission) [12], and the corresponding loci was computed in a color diagram [13,14] and was recalculated later by MacAdam [15,16] to obtain the MacAdam limits or Rösch-MacAdam limits. The Rösch-MacAdam solid expressed in the CIELAB color space is a powerful tool and has been routinely used to estimate the color rendering capability of daylight and of standard illuminants [17][18][19], the gamut of color-deficient observers [20], and the theoretical limits of the number of distinguishable colors [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high-color-discrimination capability spectra on color-deficient vision

et al. 2013

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Light sources with three spectral bands in specific spectral positions are known to have high-color-discrimination capability. W. A. Thornton hypothesized that they may also enhance color discrimination for color-deficient observers. This hypothesis was tested here by comparing the Rösch-MacAdam color volume for color-deficient observers rendered by three of these singular spectra, two reported previously and one derived in this paper by maximization of the Rösch-MacAdam color solid. It was found that all illuminants tested enhance discriminability for deuteranomalous observers, but their impact on other congenital deficiencies was variable. The best illuminant was the one derived here, as it was clearly advantageous for the two red-green anomalies and for tritanopes and almost neutral for red-green dichromats. We conclude that three-band spectra with high-colordiscrimination capability for normal observers do not necessarily produce comparable enhancements for color-deficient observers, but suitable spectral optimization clearly enhances the vision of the color deficient.

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Maximum Visual Efficiency of Colored Materials

Cited by 169 publications

References 0 publications

Computation and visualization of the MacAdam limits for any lightness, hue angle, and light source

Computation and visualization of the MacAdam limits for any lightness, hue angle, and light source

Central notations for the revised iscc-nbs color-name blocks

Effects of high-color-discrimination capability spectra on color-deficient vision

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