Maximum tolerated doses and erythropoiesis effects in the mouse bone marrow by 79 pesticides’ technical materials assessed with the micronucleus assay

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Assessment of acute toxicity and biochemical responses to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination exposed earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae

“…Pesticides induce oxidative stress in earthworm either by increased production of free radicals or by affecting the antioxidant defense mechanism such as change in rate of detoxification of the xenobiotics (pesticides) and scavenging enzyme activity [54]. The oxidative stress plays an important role in toxicity of different groups of pesticide such as organophosphorous [55] and pyrethroids [56,51,57]. α- cypermethrin induces increase in oxidative stress level significantly in rats in dose dependent manner [58].…”

Genotoxicity and mutagenicity assessment of a standardized extract (P2Et) obtained from Caesalpinia spinosa

“…To start the regulatory requirements, the genotoxic and mutagenic evaluation of an extract obtained from Caesalpinia spinosa called P2Et was performed. The Micronucleus assay is used for evaluation of the potential mutagenic activity of new substances in order to classify them by mutagenic hazard, besides is highly efficient as an indicator of induced chromosomal lesions for the substances tested [ 35 ], additionally the evaluation of mixtures like the ones found in extracts, it has to be tested because is clear that mixtures can induce genotoxic effects even if each of the compounds separately does not manifest such activity in testing. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the genotoxicity of herbal drugs to ensure the safety of patients who take these products [ 36 ].…”

Bioactivity and modulatory functions of Napoleona vogelii on oxidative stress-induced micronuclei and apoptotic biomarkers in mice

“…Micronuclei induction is secondary to genotoxic insult on mammalian cells. This credible and worthwhile technique is often used to determine cytogenetic disturbances and chromosomal lesions or aberrations [55,56]. There was no significant difference in frequency of MNPCE observed in extract treated mice compared to distilled water treated control.…”