Maximum substitution of magnesium for calcium sites in Mg-β-TCP structure determined by X-ray powder diffraction with the Rietveld refinement

Araújo, Jorge Corrêa de; Sader, Marcia S.; Moreira, Elizabeth L.; Moraes, Valéria C.A.; LeGeros, Racquel Z.; Soares, G.A.

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.07.064

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, at higher magnesium content of 1.5 wt%, the amount of b-TCP phase was steeply increased to approach 60 wt%, inducing the HAp/b-TCP ratio reversed to 40:60. This tendency would be due to the excess magnesium substitution into calcium, presenting the maximum magnesium substitution of nearly 15 mol % in b-TCP structure [17]. As a result, it could be explained with the following mechanism proposed to express the magnesium substitution for calcium into HAp [27].…”

Section: Synthesized Powdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has demonstrated that the incorporation of magnesium into HAp lattice sensibly affects apatite crystallization in solution and its thermal stability, promoting the formation of b-TCP and thus forming biphasic calcium phosphates. In recent, the structural analyses for the magnesium substituted HAp [16] and b-TCP [17] have been discussed with multinuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) In situ preparation of magnesium (Mg) substituted biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) of hydroxyapatite (HAp)/b-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) were carried out through aqueous co-precipitation method. The concentrations of added magnesium were varied with the calcium in order to obtain constant (Ca + Mg)/P ratios of 1.602.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ synthesis of magnesium-substituted biphasic calcium phosphate and in vitro biodegradation

Kim¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

Materials Research Bulletin

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Section: Synthesized Powdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ synthesis of magnesium-substituted biphasic calcium phosphate and in vitro biodegradation

Kim¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

Materials Research Bulletin

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“…% of Mg 2+ measured in some cases exceeded the maximum amount of Mg 2+ that can be substituted for Ca 2+ in the β-TCP crystal structure [7,18]. In addition, the (Ca+Mg+Sr)/P ratio measured using ICP was much lower than 1.5, corresponding to that of β-TCP, for all the conditions studied.…”

Section: Elemental Compositionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…% [7,18]. This is primarily due to the large difference in ionic radii between the Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions [8,19].…”

Section: Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of hMSC proliferation and differentiation on Mg and Mg–Sr containing biphasic β-tricalcium phosphate and amorphous calcium phosphate ceramics

Singh

Roy

Lee

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Biphasic mixtures of either Mg(2+) or combined Mg(2+) and Sr(2+) cation substituted β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) were prepared using a low temperature chemical phosphatizing and hydrolysis reaction approach. Scaffolds prepared using the cation substituted calcium phosphates were capable of supporting similar levels of human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation in comparison to commercially available β-TCP. The concentrations of Mg(2+), Sr(2+), and PO4(3-) released from these scaffolds were also within the ranges desired from previous reports to support both hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Interestingly, hMSCs cultured directly on scaffolds prepared with only Mg(2+) substituted β-TCP were capable of supporting statistically significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin, and osteoprotegerin expression in comparison to all compositions containing both Mg(2+) and Sr(2+), and commercially available β-TCP. hMSCs cultured in the presence of scaffold extracts also exhibited similar trends in the expression of osteogenic markers as was observed during direct culture. Therefore, it was concluded that the enhanced differentiation observed was due to the release of bioactive ions rather than the surface microstructure. The role of these ions on transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenic protein signaling was also evaluated using a PCR array. It was concluded that the release of these ions may support enhanced differentiation through SMAD dependent TGF-β and BMP signaling.

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“…TCP can be obtained either by solid-state reaction or by sintering calcium-deficient apatites. However, the limits of solid-state reaction are inhomogeneity, non-uniformity in the particle size distribution, and a higher chance of impurities in the final product as well [8,9]. On the other hand, β-TCMP was present in glass-ceramics based on 3CaO·P 2 O 5 SiO 2 MgO system via crystallization glass bulk [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of 3CaO·P2O5-SiO2-MgO glass-ceramics with different crystallization degree

et al. 2013

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The CaO-P 2 O 5 -SiO 2 -MgO system presents several compounds used as biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and TCP with magnesium substituting partial calcium (TCMP). The β-TCMP phase with whitlockite structure has interesting biological features and mechanical properties, meeting the requirements of a bioactive material for bone restoration. In this work, the production of Mg-doped TCP, β-TCMP, has been investigated by crystallization from a glass composed of 52.75 wt% 3CaO·P 2 O 5 , 30 wt% SiO 2 and 17.25 wt% MgO (i.e., 31.7 mol% CaO, 10.6 mol% P 2 O 5 , 26.6 mol% MgO and 31.1 mol% SiO 2 ) using heat treatments between 775 ℃ and 1100 ℃ for up to 8 h. The devitrification process of the glass has been accompanied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), relative density and bending strength measurements. The characterization by HRXRD and DSC revealed the occurrence of whitlockite soon after the bulk glass preparation, a transient non-cataloged silicate between 800 ℃ and 1100 ℃, and the formation of diopside in samples treated at 1100 ℃ as crystalline phases. The overall crystalline fraction varied from 26% to 70% depending on the heat treatments. Furthermore, contraction of the a-axis lattice parameter and expansion of the c-axis lattice parameter of the whitlockite structure have been observed during the heat treatments, which were attributed to the β-TCMP formation with the partial substitution of Ca 2+ by Mg 2+ . Relative densities near 99% and 97% for the glass and glass-ceramics respectively indicated a discrete reduction as a function of the devitrification treatment. Bending strengths of 70 MPa and 120 MPa were determined for the glass and glass-ceramic material crystallized at 975 ℃ for 4 h, respectively.

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Maximum substitution of magnesium for calcium sites in Mg-β-TCP structure determined by X-ray powder diffraction with the Rietveld refinement

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

In situ synthesis of magnesium-substituted biphasic calcium phosphate and in vitro biodegradation

In situ synthesis of magnesium-substituted biphasic calcium phosphate and in vitro biodegradation

Study of hMSC proliferation and differentiation on Mg and Mg–Sr containing biphasic β-tricalcium phosphate and amorphous calcium phosphate ceramics

Development and characterization of 3CaO·P2O5-SiO2-MgO glass-ceramics with different crystallization degree

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