Maximum movement velocity of the upper limbs reflects maximum gait speed in community-dwelling adults aged older than 60 years

Iwata, Atsushi; Higuchi, Yoshio; Sano, Yuki; Ogaya, Shinya; Kataoka, Masataka; Yonetsu, Ryo; Okuda, Kuniharu; Iwata, Hiroshi; Fuchioka, Satoshi

doi:10.1111/ggi.12186

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There is obviously a certain relation between upper-limb and lower-limb function: the same principle underlies why many studies employ grip strength as a way of representing whole-body muscle strength 13 ) . Moreover, arm swinging during walking improves stability, and this effect is enhanced with age 14 ) , and as we showed in a preceding study upper limb movement velocity is significantly associated with gait speed 15 ) . Given these findings, we cannot reject the possibility that SST performance reflects upper-limb function, and consequently that this was in some way responsible for the relationships between SST and gait function.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The SST measures a person’s ability to quickly move their trunk from side to side, but it involves upper limb function because the participants must use their arms to tap the markers to their sides. Previous findings have identified the importance of upper limb function to walking: arm movement during walking affects gait stability and trunk motion 22 , 23 ) , and arm movement velocity when a person moves their arms as fast as they can relates to gait speed 15 ) . Taken together, these findings indicate that SST performance may reflect upper limb function to some extent, suggesting that the latter mediates the relationship between SST performance and gait function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A modified seated side tapping test in which the arms are crossed also reflects gait function in community-dwelling elderly

et al. 2017

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[Purpose] Seated side tapping test (SST) performance is associated with mobility impairment in the elderly. Although this test was developed to assess trunk function, interpretation of its results may be confounded by the upper-limb movements in its protocol. Here, this study aimed to validate the association between trunk function and gait function by means of the Arms Crossed SST (AC-SST), a modified version of the SST in which the arms are crossed over the chest, to exclude the effects of the upper limbs. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 116 community-dwelling elderly people were enrolled in the study (mean age: 75.1 ± 5.5 yrs). Measurement categories were gait function (gait speed and TUG), lower extremity strength (knee extension and flexion strength), trunk muscle endurance (trunk extension and flexion endurance), and trunk function (SST and AC-SST). [Results] AC-SST performance significantly correlated with gait function items, as did SST performance. Moreover, AC-SST was one of the significant predictor variables of gait function selected in stepwise multiple regressions. [Conclusion] Gait function associated with performance on the AC-SST, a test of trunk function in which the effects of upper limb function were excluded, reinforcing the importance of trunk function to elderly mobility.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified seated side tapping test in which the arms are crossed also reflects gait function in community-dwelling elderly

et al. 2017

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“…The association between the maximum angular velocity of knee extension and gait speed is significant in community-dwelling older people [ 34 ]. The movement velocity of the upper limbs was also significantly associated with gait speed and TUG time in our previous study [ 35 ]. In addition to these cross-sectional studies, a number of intervention studies have focused on movement velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

An easy and safe training method for trunk function improves mobility in total knee arthroplasty patients: A quasi-randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is aimed mainly at reducing pain and restoring mobility. However, mobility deficits can persist even longer than 1 year. The trunk function and movement velocity of any region have been recently recognized to be critical for determining mobility in older people. Therefore, the main goal of this quasi-randomized trial is to clarify the effectiveness of a novel training method, the seated side tapping (SST) training, for improving mobility by focusing on movement velocity of trunk function in the short term after TKA.MethodsSST training consists of side trunk movements repeated as quickly as possible in a seated position. All participants after TKA were randomly assigned to the SST training group (n = 37) or control training group (n = 38). The participants in the SST group performed SST training plus the standard rehabilitation program 5 days per week for 3 weeks after TKA, while the control group performed only the standard rehabilitation programs. The primary outcome was the effect of SST training on mobility, indicated by gait speed and the timed up and go test (TUG) time. Measurements were performed before and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after surgery.ResultsAt all-time points, the patients in the SST group showed significantly better mobility, despite that knee function, represented by muscle strength, range of motion, and degree of pain at the knee joint, was similar in both groups. The difference in gait speed between the groups was >0.1 m/s at all time points, which is clinically significant.ConclusionSST training significantly improved patients’ mobility within 3 weeks after TKA, despite that no additional benefit was observed in knee function. The findings in this study indicate that SST training may be considered as a part of the rehabilitation program after TKA, although further evaluation of its long-term effectiveness is needed.Trial registrationUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR; UMIN000027909).

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“…Importantly, reduced motor speed in upper and lower extremity does seem to be interdependent, at least in the healthy elderly. 23 As there is a discussion as to whether similarities in FM and CFS are signs of comorbidity or whether pain and fatigue are variations of symptoms in a common underlying disorder, patients with FM and CFS need to be subjected to the same test protocol in order to answer that question. 1 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross and fine motor function in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome

Rasouli¹,

Fors²,

Borchgrevink³

et al. 2017

JPR

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PurposeThis paper aimed to investigate motor proficiency in fine and gross motor function, with a focus on reaction time (RT) and movement skill, in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) compared to healthy controls (HC).MethodsA total of 60 individuals (20 CFS, 20 FM, and 20 HC), age 19–49 years, participated in this study. Gross motor function in the lower extremity was assessed using a RT task during gait initiation in response to an auditory trigger. Fine motor function in the upper extremity was measured during a precision task (the Purdue Pegboard test) where the number of pins inserted within 30 s was counted.ResultsNo significant differences were found between FM and CFS in any parameters. FM and CFS groups had significantly longer RT than HC in the gait initiation (p=0.001, and p=0.004 respectively). In the Purdue Pegboard test, 20% in the FM group, 15% in the CFS groups, and 0% of HC group, scored below the threshold of the accepted performance. However, there were no significant differences between FM, CFS, and HC in this task (p=0.12).ConclusionCompared to controls, both CFS and FM groups displayed significantly longer RT in the gait initiation task. Generally, FM patients showed the worst results in both tests, although no group differences were found in fine motor control, according to the Purdue Pegboard test.

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Maximum movement velocity of the upper limbs reflects maximum gait speed in community-dwelling adults aged older than 60 years

Abstract: The movement velocity of the upper limbs is a significant determinant of maximum gait speed, suggesting that the ability to move any region rapidly might be a critical factor in maximum gait speed.

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

A modified seated side tapping test in which the arms are crossed also reflects gait function in community-dwelling elderly

A modified seated side tapping test in which the arms are crossed also reflects gait function in community-dwelling elderly

An easy and safe training method for trunk function improves mobility in total knee arthroplasty patients: A quasi-randomized controlled trial

Gross and fine motor function in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome

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