2017
DOI: 10.1037/met0000094
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Maximum likelihood versus multiple imputation for missing data in small longitudinal samples with nonnormality.

Abstract: The study examined the performance of maximum likelihood (ML) and multiple imputation (MI) procedures for missing data in longitudinal research when fitting latent growth models. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted with conditions of small sample size, intermittent missing data, and nonnormality. The results indicated that ML tended to display slightly smaller degrees of bias than MI across missing completely at random (MCAR) and missing at random (MAR) conditions. Although specification of prior info… Show more

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Cited by 107 publications
(65 citation statements)
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“…An intent-to-treat perspective was used for all analyses. Maximum likelihood estimation using Mplus 8.0 (Muthén & Muthén, 2017) with auxiliary correlates (Graham, 2003) was used because research (Hayes & McArdle, 2017;Shin, Davison, & Long, 2017;Yuan-Wallentin, & Bentler, 2012) has shown multiple imputation does not properly handle missing data with smaller samples like that observed in our study, which was limited to two cases on the VABS II.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An intent-to-treat perspective was used for all analyses. Maximum likelihood estimation using Mplus 8.0 (Muthén & Muthén, 2017) with auxiliary correlates (Graham, 2003) was used because research (Hayes & McArdle, 2017;Shin, Davison, & Long, 2017;Yuan-Wallentin, & Bentler, 2012) has shown multiple imputation does not properly handle missing data with smaller samples like that observed in our study, which was limited to two cases on the VABS II.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Given the random nature of the missing data, a path analysis using full information maximum likelihood estimation in AMOS version 23 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) was chosen as a means to estimate cross-lagged and autoregressive pathways between variables in 6th class and 1st year [60]. Maximum likelihood estimation is recommended for longitudinal data with missing values that are MCAR as it uses all available data for each participant to estimate model pathways [61,62].…”
Section: Data Processingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There is a rich body of simulation literature examining many different aspects of performance surrounding the LGM (see, e.g., Hertzog et al, 2008;Shin, Davison, & Long, 2017;Tong & Ke, 2016;Ye, 2016). One aspect that is commonly addressed is the performance of LGMs under small sample sizes (see, e.g., McNeish, 2016a(see, e.g., McNeish, , 2016b(see, e.g., McNeish, , 2017van de Schoot et al, 2015;Zondervan-Zwijnenburg et al, 2018).…”
Section: Latent Growth Models With a Distal Outcomementioning
confidence: 99%