“…Additionally, several researchers have delved into statistical inference within the Model (1), introducing different types of Gaussian noises. For instance, Prakasa Rao considered maximum likelihood estimation for sub-fractional [13] and mixed fractional [14] Vasicek models. In [15], the authors investigated least-squares estimation in the Vasicek model driven by a Gaussian process belonging to a wide class, including FBM, bifractional, and sub-fractional Brownian motions (see also [16] for the application of these results to other examples of noise).…”