We consider the robust filtering problem for a nonlinear state-space model with outliers in measurements. A novel robust cubature Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed based on mixture correntropy with two Gaussian kernels. We have formulated the robust filtering problem by employing the mixture correntropy induced cost to replace the quadratic one in the conventional Gaussian approximation filter for the measurement fitting error. In addition, a tradeoff weighting coefficient is introduced to make sure the proposed approach can provide reasonable state estimates in scenarios with small measurement fitting errors. The robust filtering problem is iteratively solved by using the cubature Kalman filtering framework with a reweighted measurement covariance. Numerical results show that the proposed method can achieve a performance improvement over existing robust solutions.State estimation for stochastic discrete-time dynamic systems is one of the vital issues in control engineering, and it has broad applications in various areas, such as target tracking , sparse signal processing, fault detection and diagnose, information fusion, and many others [1][2][3][4][5]. The state estimates of a linear system with Gaussian noises is provided by the celebrated Kalman filter [6]. For nonlinear systems with a Gaussian assumption (i.e., both the process and measurement noises are Gaussian), several Kalman-liked Gaussian approximation filters (GKF) were investigated, e.g., the unscented Kalman filter [7], cubature Kalman filter [8,9], to name a few. These solutions have shown good performance when the Gaussian assumption meets in systems. In some applications, however, the Gaussian assumption for the measurement noise may fail since outliers may contaminate measurements due to unreliable sensors. Outliers lead to the measurement noise having a heavy tail and becoming non-Gaussian, resulting in a substantial degradation of the existing GKFs.The sequential Monte-Carlo sampling/particle filter (PF) [10] and the Gaussian sum filter (GSM) are two general strategies to deal with non-Gaussian noises caused by measurement outliers. In the PF, a massive number of particles are involved to approximate the posterior probability density function to obtain a reasonable estimation results. In the GSM, the state estimates are obtained by combining the results from several parallelly implemented filters via an interacting procedure. Therefore, both the PF and GSM suffer from a great computational burden, which prevents them from being widely used in applications. In addition, a computationally economical approach, i.e., integrating the robust cost from M-estimation (e.g., Huber's cost) into the GKF framework [11][12][13], has also been studied. This type of robust filters were developed by interpreting the GKF filtering problem as a linear or nonlinear regression. Other approaches for robust filtering such as the heavy-tailed distribution based solution [14] and the H ∞ filter [15] were also reported in literatures.Recently, a novel local simila...