Maximum and Minimum Temperature Trends for the Globe

Abstract

1 991)] showed a large-scale antcyconc gyre In the general v c n t y of the gyre shown in F g 1 C However. Red's gyre and the one depicted n F g. 1 C have substanta dfferences In their verica structure and horizontal substructure 7. Southward flow of North Atlantic Deep Water on the eastern side of the Md-Atantc Ridge IS supported by P. M. Saunders [J. Mar. Res. 40, 641 (1982)], S. Gana and C. Provost [J. Mar. Syst. 4, 67 (1 993)], and J Pallet and H Merc~er (Deep-sea Res., Pan I, n press) 8 Topographc s depths of -1 000 m are a barrer for flow of t h s densty Into the Nordic Seas. 9. L V Worihngton, Johns Hopkins Oceanogr. Srud. 6, (1976); R. A. Clarke. H. VV. Hill, R F Re n'nger, 3 A. Warren. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 10. 25 (1 980); M S McCanney, Prog. Oceanogr. 29. 283 (1 992): VV. J. Schrntz and M. S. McCariney, Rev. Geophys, 31. 29 11993'1. 10 R S. ~l c k a r t and w M. Smethe. J Phys Oceanogr. 23. 2602 (1 993). 1 1 . J. Pallet, M. Arhan, M. S. McCariney, In preparaton. 12. P B. Rhnesand W. R. ~o a n d , ~y n :~r r n o s . Oceans 3. 289 (I 979) 13. VV, R. Holland. Geophys. Fluid Dyn. 4, 187 (1 973). 11. R. Gerdes and C. Koberle. J. Phys. Oceanogr 25, 2624 (1 995). 15, These gyres at intermedate depths are dstnct from the smaller scale gyres at abyssal depths that are more clearly assocated w~t h the basn topography. 16. P. 5 .

Effects of diurnal variations in temperature on non-accidental mortality among the elderly population of Montreal, Québec, 1984–2007

“…One such measure of within-day variability is the diurnal temperature range, which is defined by the US National Weather Service (NOAA National Weather Service 2009) as the temperature difference between the minimum at night and the maximum during the day. This meteorological indicator has been shown to be decreasing over time in some parts of the world such as in the United States but increasing in others such as India (Easterling et al 1997) and parts of Europe (Makowski et al 2008). …”

“…An analysis of temporal trends in daily temperature shows that the diurnal temperature range, the metric used for diurnal temperature variations, is decreasing over time in some parts of the world, such as the United States, and increasing in others, such as India (Easterling et al 1997). I retrieved 236 papers, 218 of them relating to plants or animals and 18 related to human health.…”

“…This meteorological indicator has been shown to be decreasing over time in some parts of the world such as in the United States but increasing in others such as India (Easterling et al 1997) and parts of Europe (Makowski et al 2008). …”

A proteomic approach in analyzing heat‐responsive proteins in rice leaves

“…Currently, the overall global temperature is steadily increasing since the past decades due to rapid increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations [1]. Therefore, accelerated global warming has become a growing problem for all living organisms including plants and unfortunately, they have to cope with this unavoidable situation by their own defense mechanisms.…”

Temporal and spatial temperature variability and change over Spain during 1850–2005

“…Maheras et al [1999], for example, have partially documented modes of variability over Spain on an annual and seasonal basis by establishing relationships between mean monthly temperatures for anomalously warm and cold months and large-scale atmospheric circulation over the Mediterranean area during 1860 -1990 using one record (Barcelona) for Spain. Pozo-Vázquez et al [2001a], using the 5°Â 5°lat/long gridded data from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) data set, have related European winter temperatures to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on a monthly scale during 1852-1997. Also, Pozo-Vázquez et al [2001b assessed the association between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Northern Hemisphere (NH) sea level pressure and temperatures in Europe during winter, again using the 5°Â 5°lat/long gridded data from CRU.…”