Maximizing trickling filter nitrification rates through biofilm control: research review and full scale application

Parker, Denny; Jacobs, Tom; Bower, Erich; Stowe, Dennis W.; Farmer, Greg

doi:10.2166/wst.1997.0060

Cited by 23 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…The application of a highly concentrated ammonia substrate ensured that thick biofilms would be established to avoid biofilm thickness being a limiting condition and that ammonia would not be subject to Monod substrate constraints. This was similar to the approach used successfully to verify oxygen mass transfer in the TRIFIL model for trickling filter media (Parker et al, 1997;Parker, 2010).…”

Section: Experimental Program Developmentsupporting

confidence: 52%

Mass Transfer Characteristics of Floating Media in MBBR and IFAS Fixed-Film Systems

Melcer¹

2015

wio

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2014 U4R11ii The Water Environment Research Foundation, a not-for-profit organization, funds and manages water quality research for its subscribers through a diverse public-private partnership between municipal utilities, corporations, academia, industry, and the federal government. WERF subscribers include municipal and regional water and water resource recovery facilities, industrial corporations, environmental engineering firms, and others that share a commitment to cost-effective water quality solutions. WERF is dedicated to advancing science and technology addressing water quality issues as they impact water resources, the atmosphere, the lands, and quality of life. This report was prepared by the organization(s) named below as an account of work sponsored by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF). Neither WERF, members of WERF, the organization(s) named below, nor any person acting on their behalf: (a) makes any warranty, express or implied, with respect to the use of any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report or that such use may not infringe on privately owned rights; or (b) assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, apparatus, method, or process disclosed in this report. Brown and Caldwell, University of New MexicoThis document was reviewed by a panel of independent experts selected by WERF. Mention of trade names or commercial products or services does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use. Similarly, omission of products or trade names indicates nothing concerning WERF's positions regarding product effectiveness or applicability. Mass Transfer Characteristics of Floating Media in MBBR and IFAS Fixed-Film Systems iii About WERFThe Water Environment Research Foundation, formed in 1989, is America's leading independent scientific research organization dedicated to wastewater and stormwater issues. Throughout the last 25 years, we have developed a portfolio of more than $130 million in water quality research.WERF is a nonprofit organization that operates with funding from subscribers and the federal government. Our subscribers include wastewater treatment facilities, stormwater utilities, and regulatory agencies. Equipment companies, engineers, and environmental consultants also lend their support and expertise as subscribers. WERF takes a progressive approach to research, stressing collaboration among teams of subscribers, environmental professionals, scientists, and staff. All research is peer reviewed by leading experts.For the most current updates on WERF research, sign up to receive Laterals, our bi-weekly electronic newsletter.Learn more about the benefits of becoming a WERF subscriber by visiting www.werf.org. ivThe authors would like to acknowledge the media donors for their financial support and advice during the conduct of this experiment. They would also like to thank the staff at the Albuquerque, New Mexico, Wastewater Reclamation Facility for providing inoculation source ...

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Section: Experimental Program Developmentsupporting

confidence: 52%

Mass Transfer Characteristics of Floating Media in MBBR and IFAS Fixed-Film Systems

Melcer¹

2015

wio

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“…Full-scale tertiary nitrifying trickling filters (TNTFs), which are employed for nitrification only and negligible organic material removal, are fairly common in the USA (Lutz et al, 1990). Although certain problems with macrofauna (snails, worms, larvae, and flies, which reduce nitrification rates) have been encountered, high ammonia-removal rates have been achieved economically in TNTFs at around 1 g free and saline amonia N/(m 2 media surface per day) (Parker et al, 1989(Parker et al, , 1995(Parker et al, , 1996. Therefore, on the basis of the experience in the USA, implementing external nitrification in trickling filters is not expected to be a major problem, but will require attention in future full-scale implementations of the system.…”

Section: Opportunities For Implementation Of Enbnras Systems and Systmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of the external nitrification biological nutrient removal activated sludge (ENBNRAS) system

Sötemann

Moodley

et al. 2003

Biotech & Bioengineering

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A systematic lab-scale experimental investigation is reported for the external nitrification (EN) biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge (ENBNRAS) system, which is a combined fixed and suspended medium system. The ENBNRAS system was proposed to intensify the treatment capacity of BNR-activated sludge (BNRAS) systems by addressing two difficulties often encountered in practice: (a) the long sludge age for nitrification requirement; and (b) sludge bulking. In the ENBNRAS system, nitrification is transferred from the aerobic reactor in the suspended medium activated sludge system to a fixed medium nitrification system. Thus, the sludge age of the suspended medium activated sludge system can be reduced from 20 to 25 days to 8 to 10 days, resulting in a decrease in reactor volume per ML wastewater treated of about 30%. Furthermore, the aerobic mass fraction can also be reduced from 50% to 60% to <30% and concommitantly the anoxic mass fraction can be increased from 25% to 35% to >55% (if the anaerobic mass fraction is 15%), and thus complete denitrification in the anoxic reactors becomes possible. Research indicates that both the short sludge age and complete denitrification could ameliorate anoxic aerobic (AA) or low food/microorganism (F/M) ratio filamentous bulking, and hence reduce the surface area of secondary settling tanks or increase the treatment capacity of existing systems. The lab-scale experimental investigations indicate that the ENBNRAS system can obtain: (i) very good chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, even with an aerobic mass fraction as low as 20%; (ii) high nitrogen removal, even for a wastewater with a high total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)/COD ratio, up to 0.14; (iii) adequate settling sludge (diluted sludge volume index [DSVI] <100 mL/g); and (iv) a significant reduction in oxygen demand.

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“…These control methods have been incorporated into a process known as the Biofilm Controlled Nitrifying Trickling Filter (BCNTF) process. The BCNTF process includes the following: 1) use of media with high mass transfer rates, 2) use of recirculation to improve media wetting and gain maximum nitrifying biofilm coverage, 3) minimization of influent solids to avoid competition for oxygen from heterotrophs and 4) control of predators with flooding and alkaline treatment (Parker et al,1989;Parker et al,1997). Predators have also been controlled by the use of high strength ammonia solution in a closed loop recirculation system (Lacan et al, 2000).…”

Section: Separate Stage Nitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Partial nitrification in a low SRT process at fullscale • Kroiss et al, 2004;Jobbagy et al, 2004 In-situ Separate stage: suspended • High specific nitrification rates • Mulbarger, 1970 Separate stage: fixed film • Closeness of approach to theoretical maximum rates (limited by oxygen transfer) at pilot and full-scale • Parker et al,1989;Parker et al,1997 BAR …”

Section: Figure 6 -Comparison Of Effectiveness Of Two Bioaugmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Nitrification through Bioaugmentation

Parker¹,

Wanner²

2007

proc water environ fed

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The high costs of upgrading treatment plants for either nitrification or nutrient removal has spurred many investigators to examine bioaugmentation as a means to increase nitrification rates and thereby reduce the costs (and space requirements) for nitrification. In the case of biological nutrient removal (BNR) plants, this would allow release of reactor space to accommodate either nitrogen removal or phosphorus removal or both. In this paper, two types of bioaugmentation schemes are reviewed, external and in situ. Both types apply to activated sludge systems, while only in situ schemes apply to fixed film systems. The advantage of external bioaugmentation schemes is that the promotion of nitrification within the mainstream process can be decoupled from its aerobic SRT. The advantage of in situ schemes is that there is less concern about the loss of activity of the seed nitrifiers when transferred to the mainstream process, because their conditions of growth are similar to those prevalent in the mainstream process. The literature is reviewed on all process types, and new information is provided on the Bioaugmentation R (BAR) process which has seen the broadest full-scale applications of any bioaugmentation scheme. The various forms of bioaugmentation are compared and contrasted and the practical limitations in their implementation are reviewed.

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Maximizing trickling filter nitrification rates through biofilm control: research review and full scale application

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Mass Transfer Characteristics of Floating Media in MBBR and IFAS Fixed-Film Systems

Mass Transfer Characteristics of Floating Media in MBBR and IFAS Fixed-Film Systems

Experimental investigation of the external nitrification biological nutrient removal activated sludge (ENBNRAS) system

Improving Nitrification through Bioaugmentation

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