Maximizing Seed Resources for Restoration in an Uncertain Future

Broadhurst, Linda; Jones, Thomas A.; Smith, Forrest S; North, Tom; Guja, Lydia K.

doi:10.1093/biosci/biv155

Cited by 106 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Information regarding the germination biology of native species used in restoration allows practitioners to refine seeding methods in the field and increases the success of plant propagation in containers or in native seed farms (Broadhurst et al 2016;Limon and Peco 2016). Knowledge regarding the timing of germination for native species compared to invasive species may help clarify the outcome of competitive interactions (Forbis 2010;Wainwright and Cleland 2013) and may help land managers with the timing of herbicide application and weeding in restoration (Marushia et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of soil inoculants on seed germination of native and invasive species

Balshor

Garrambone

Austin

et al. 2017

Botany

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Successful re-introduction of native species through ecological restoration requires understanding the complex process of seed germination. Soil microbes play an important role in promoting native establishment, and are often added to restoration sites during seed sowing. We tested the role of soil and lab-grown bacterial inoculants on germination timing and percent germination for nineteen species of plants commonly found in coastal California. Each species exhibited a different response to inoculant treatments, but overall time-to-germination was longer and percent germination was lower with soil inoculant compared to control or other treatments.The invasive species in our study had the highest percent germination of all species and germinated faster than all native shrubs. Germination timing was negatively correlated with percent germination and with seed weight. Our results suggest that lab grown inoculant and chemical treatment are effective at increasing germination in some native species, while soil inoculant is not. Given differences in germination timing between native and invasive species, restoration practitioners could consider using herbicide to treat areas seeded with native shrubs immediately following germination of invasive species without harming most natives, although germination timing and herbicides need further study in relation to microbial effects on seed germination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of soil inoculants on seed germination of native and invasive species

Balshor

Garrambone

Austin

et al. 2017

Botany

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“…Related to large-scale, seed-based restoration, as well as rare species translocation and management, is the provision of sufficient quantities of seeds (Merritt and Dixon 2011;Broadhurst et al 2015aBroadhurst et al , 2015bBroadhurst et al 2016). The establishment of seed production areas (SPA) to enhance the quantity and quality of seeds is a key part of the solution (Broadhurst et al 2015a(Broadhurst et al , 2015bBroadhurst et al 2016;Nevill et al 2016).…”

Section: Emerging Themes and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The establishment of seed production areas (SPA) to enhance the quantity and quality of seeds is a key part of the solution (Broadhurst et al 2015a(Broadhurst et al , 2015bBroadhurst et al 2016;Nevill et al 2016). Seed production areas allow for the large-scale production of seeds of species in high demand for restoration, or those difficult to source, and temper the potential for overharvesting of wild plant populations (Broadhurst et al 2015b;Nevill et al 2016).…”

Section: Emerging Themes and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some unresolved aspects of SPA include the selection of appropriate genotypes for source material (Prober et al 2015), the design of SPA to maximise genetic fidelity of seeds produced, and the consequences of production processes (e.g. irrigation, fertiliser, harvesting) or maternal and climate effects on seed quality and regenerative traits (Broadhurst et al 2016;Nevill et al 2016).…”

Section: Emerging Themes and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeds at the forefront: synthesis of the inaugural National Seed Science Forum and future directions in Australian seed science

Offord

Guja

Turner³

et al. 2017

Aust. J. Bot.

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Abstract. Seed science is fundamental to many fields of endeavour, from agricultural production, to restoration, and conservation of threatened species and communities. This is especially the case in Australia which has seen hugely increased involvement and outputs from seed scientists across many sectors over the last three decades. This escalation in research is reflected in the program and outcomes of the first National Seed Science Forum that was held in March 2016 and was attended by delegates representing many scientific institutions, industry, non-government organisations and volunteer groups. There were delegates from nine countries, and keynote presentations and workshops by global leaders in seed science. A key outcome of the Forum was the unique opportunity for discussion and collaboration across sectors.

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“…Examples from dry grassland ecosystems on various continents provide a somewhat daunting perspective on the magnitude of efort required to repair landscapes needed for various ecosystem services, including food production [26]. And for additional insight regarding scale, over a period of 12 years more than 500,000 kg of seed from around 250 species was harvested to restore 90 km 2 of Minnesota tallgrass prairie, and that a typical year in which 1000 hectares were replanted 'required roughly 13,000 kg of seed, approximately 5% (640 kg) of which was hand collected' [27, p. 3075].…”

Section: Human Adaptation and Resilience To Changing Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Turf and Lawn: Poaceae in This Age of Climate Change

Dunster¹

2017

Grasses - Benefits, Diversities and Functional Roles

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Grassland ecosystems dominated by Poaceae are estimated to cover 40.5% of Earth's land base, and domestication of a few edible grass species into highly productive cereal grains aided the shift from nomadic food gathering to ield cultivation and higher density habitation. In the Northern Hemisphere, grasses are used ornamentally and for pasture, fodder and forage with litle thought that the grasses livestock grazed upon, or those we gaze upon have multi-functional uses elsewhere. In this age of climate change, the use of Poaceae solely for aesthetics and amenity depletes inite potable water supplies that are needed for human survival. Agricultural land is consumed for turf seed production, and land is removed from food production. Cereals and their growing regions, which we have depended upon as food for millennia, are unlikely to adapt to climate change, and this will result in food insecurity and famines. Despite traditional uses of Poaceae in various cultures, many unrealized needs for food, medicine and other material goods could be met elsewhere with knowledge transfer. Our modern relationship with grass as an ornamental or amenity must end. As designers, gardeners and urban dwellers, we must use Poaceae for its multi-functions, which will lead to resilience and survival.

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Maximizing Seed Resources for Restoration in an Uncertain Future

Cited by 106 publications

References 43 publications

The effect of soil inoculants on seed germination of native and invasive species

The effect of soil inoculants on seed germination of native and invasive species

Seeds at the forefront: synthesis of the inaugural National Seed Science Forum and future directions in Australian seed science

Beyond Turf and Lawn: Poaceae in This Age of Climate Change

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