Maximizing Quality of Life in III Animals

McMillan, Franklin D.

doi:10.5326/0390227

Cited by 88 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Nocturnal canine pruritus may impact negatively on the quality of life of both a dog and its owner (McMillan 2003). Measuring the severity of canine pruritus presents the clinician or clinical investigator with a significant challenge.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of observed nocturnal pruritus and actigraphy in dogs

Plant

2008

Veterinary Record

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of observed nocturnal pruritus and actigraphy in dogs

Plant

2008

Veterinary Record

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“…Thus, enhancement is graded at the same level as that assigned to the number of opportunities that are utilised, and this is taken to represent the overall extent of positive affective engagement cautiously inferred from the observed behaviours [1]. Behavioural, physiological and neuroscience evidence supports this approach (e.g., [3,29,30,31,38]). Such behaviours may include environment-focussed exploration and food acquisition activities as well as animal-to-animal interactive activities such as bonding and bond affirmation, maternal, paternal or group care of young, play behaviour and sexual activity [7,8].…”

Section: Five Domains Animal Welfare Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would also help to clarify whether or not the intensity and duration of internally generated negative affects may significantly demotivate or preclude animals from utilising externally focussed behavioural opportunities that they would usually find rewarding [2,38,40,41]. The combined assessment and grading of compromise and enhancement is represented as a composite symbol (Table 2), which covers the range from very severe compromise and no enhancement, represented as “E/0”, to no compromise and high-level enhancement, denoted as “A/+++”.…”

Section: Five Domains Animal Welfare Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combined assessment and grading of compromise and enhancement is represented as a composite symbol (Table 2), which covers the range from very severe compromise and no enhancement, represented as “E/0”, to no compromise and high-level enhancement, denoted as “A/+++”. This capacity to cautiously grade both negative and positive welfare-related experiences using the Five Domains Model has obvious relevance to quality of life assessments [1,6,11,38,42]. …”

Section: Five Domains Animal Welfare Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in the Welfare of an Injured Working Farm Dog Assessed Using the Five Domains Model

Littlewood

Mellor

2016

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe Five Domains Model is now increasingly used to assess the welfare status of a wide range of species in markedly different circumstances. Particular strengths are that the Model facilitates structured, systematic and comprehensive evaluations of animals’ negative and positive mental experiences, the overall balance of which underlies their welfare status or quality of life. Importantly, the Model also clarifies the specific internal and external factors that give rise to those experiences. The welfare evaluation published here is the first to use the most up-to-date version of the Model, and stands as a detailed example that may assist others undertaking such welfare evaluations in other species and contexts. Moreover, it is the first such evaluation of a companion animal. It employs a fictitious scenario involving a working farm dog before, during and after it sustains a serious hind leg injury requiring amputation and its subsequent rehoming as a pet. A wide range of negative and positive experiences are graded, interactions between them are revealed, and the balance between negative and positive states at different stages of the scenario is described. Such Model evaluations can highlight current practices that merit re-evaluation. More generally, when major welfare issues are identified, use of the Model could enhance expert witness participation in related prosecutions by highlighting scientifically supported connections between indicative physical/functional states and behaviours and their associated negative experiences in ill-treated animals. Five Domains Model evaluations can also facilitate quality of life assessments and end-of-life decisions.AbstractThe present structured, systematic and comprehensive welfare evaluation of an injured working farm dog using the Five Domains Model is of interest in its own right. It is also an example for others wanting to apply the Model to welfare evaluations in different species and contexts. Six stages of a fictitious scenario involving the dog are considered: (1) its on-farm circumstances before one hind leg is injured; (2) its entanglement in barbed wire, cutting it free and transporting it to a veterinary clinic; (3) the initial veterinary examination and overnight stay; (4) amputation of the limb and immediate post-operative recovery; (5) its first four weeks after rehoming to a lifestyle block; and (6) its subsequent life as an amputee and pet. Not all features of the scenario represent average-to-good practice; indeed, some have been selected to indicate poor practice. It is shown how the Model can draw attention to areas of animal welfare concern and, importantly, to how welfare enhancement may be impeded or facilitated. Also illustrated is how the welfare implications of a sequence of events can be traced and evaluated, and, in relation to specific situations, how the degrees of welfare compromise and enhancement may be graded. In addition, the choice of a companion animal, contrasting its welfare status as a working dog and pet, and consider...

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“…ill health or poor environments). FAWC (2009), Yeates (2011) and Green and Mellor (2011) have related the concept of a LWL to animals' affective states and/or quality of life (QOL), which can be considered as an aggregation of an individual's affective states over a period of time into an overall assessment (McMillan 2000(McMillan , 2003Yeates and Main 2009;Yeates 2013). These affective states can be both negative and positive, including comfort, pleasure, interest and confidence (FAWC 2009), engagements and achievements (Yeates and Main 2008).…”

Section: The Basic Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Good? Ethical Criteria for a ‘Good Life’ for Farm Animals

Yeates

2017

J Agric Environ Ethics

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The Farm Animal Welfare Council's concept of a Good Life gives an idea of an animal's quality of life that is over and above that of a mere life worth living. The concept needs explanation and clarification, in order to be meaningful, particularly for consumers who purchase farm animal produce. The concept could allow assurance schemes to apply the label to assessments of both the potential of each method of production, conceptualised in ways expected to enhance consumers' engagement such as 'naturalness' and 'freedom'; and the concept of a life worth living as a safeguard threshold below which no animal's actual welfare should fall, based on each animal's overall affective states. This may provide a framework for development of the Good Life concept, within scientific and sociological fields, in order to allow reliable and influential use by assessors, consumers and retailers.

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Maximizing Quality of Life in III Animals

Cited by 88 publications

References 24 publications

Correlation of observed nocturnal pruritus and actigraphy in dogs

Correlation of observed nocturnal pruritus and actigraphy in dogs

Changes in the Welfare of an Injured Working Farm Dog Assessed Using the Five Domains Model

How Good? Ethical Criteria for a ‘Good Life’ for Farm Animals

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