Maximizing propylene production via FCC technology

Akah, Aaron; Al-Ghrami, Musaed

doi:10.1007/s13203-015-0104-3

Cited by 126 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Recently, market analysis show that the demand for propylene is outpacing that of ethylene and the current supply cannot match the demand. A large proportion of propylene, about 65 wt%, is produced by steam cracking and about 30 wt% during the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process as by product [1][2][3]. The propylene to ethylene ratio produced by steam cracking of naphtha is about 0.6, whereas the ethylene and propylene yields are about 2 and 6 wt% from conventional FCC process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of naphtha fractions for light olefins production

et al. 2016

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The catalytic cracking of naphtha fractions for propylene production was investigated under high severity catalytic cracking conditions (high temperatures and high catalyst to oil ratio). Straight run naphtha and cracked naphtha along with a with proprietary catalyst were used, and reaction was carried out using a catalyst to oil ratio (C/ O) of 3-6 at 600-650°C and 1 atm in a micro activity testing (MAT) unit. The results from this experiments show that light cracked naphtha (LCN) gave the highest propylene yield of 18% at 650°C, and that propylene yield depends on the naphtha fraction being used as feed. The trend for reactivity and propylene yield was as follows: light cracked naphtha [ heavy straight run naphtha [ light straight run naphtha [ heavy cracked naphtha.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of naphtha fractions for light olefins production

et al. 2016

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“…(Figure 7) At high temperatures, various hydrocarbons (e.g., naphtha, ethane, and propane) are co-fed, under the most suitable operating conditions, to selectively yield C 3 H 6 [62]. FCC, also uses hydrocarbons to produce C 3 H 6 , at moderate pressure and high temperatures, over zeolites, such as, ZSM-5, often modified with metals to increase selectivity to C 3 H 6 [63]. It is considered greener than steam cracking due to lower energy demand and decreased CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Propylene (C 3 H 6 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Olefins from Biomass Intermediates: A Review

Zacharopoulou

Lemonidou

2017

Catalysts

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Over the last decade, increasing demand for olefins and their valuable products has prompted research on novel processes and technologies for their selective production. As olefins are predominately dependent on fossil resources, their production is limited by the finite reserves and the associated economic and environmental concerns. The need for alternative routes for olefin production is imperative in order to meet the exceedingly high demand, worldwide. Biomass is considered a promising alternative feedstock that can be converted into the valuable olefins, among other chemicals and fuels. Through processes such as fermentation, gasification, cracking and deoxygenation, biomass derivatives can be effectively converted into C 2 -C 4 olefins. This short review focuses on the conversion of biomass-derived oxygenates into the most valuable olefins, e.g., ethylene, propylene, and butadiene.

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“…The complete hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction can cleave all the C−O bonds of glycerol to produce propylene, an industrially important building block . The propylene produced from glycerol can contribute to the on‐purpose production to fill the current gap between propylene market demand and supply . On the other hand, the selective HDO reaction can break one or two C−O bonds of glycerol to produce value‐added C 3 oxygenates such as acetol, propanediol, and propanol .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18] The propylene produced from glycerol can contribute to the on-purpose production to fill the current gap between propylene market demand and supply. [19] On the other hand, the selective HDO reaction can break one or two CÀ O bonds of glycerol to produce value-added C 3 oxygenates such as acetol, [20,21] propanediol, [22,23] and propanol. [24] To upgrade glycerol on an industrial scale, it is necessary to design low-cost catalysts with high stability, activity, and selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational Spectroscopic Characterization of Glycerol Reaction Pathways over Metal‐Modified Molybdenum Carbide Surfaces

2019

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As the production of biodiesel increases, it is economically preferable to upgrade the excess by‐product, glycerol, into value‐added products. Metal‐modified molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) is a class of promising catalysts for this application due to their promising hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) activity. In this work, Pt, Fe and Cu were used to modify the Mo2C surface and tune the product selectivity of glycerol. Pt/Mo2C showed reforming activity to produce syngas, Fe/Mo2C cleaved all the C−O bonds of glycerol to produce propylene, while Cu/Mo2C broke only one C−O bond of glycerol to form acetol. Consecutive temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) experiments demonstrated an enhanced stability of all surfaces when compared to Mo2C. High‐resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) characterization indicated that the Fe/Mo2C surface weakened the C−O bonds of glycerol, while the Pt/Mo2C surface showed no activity towards C−O bond cleavage. This study demonstrated that the Pt/Mo2C, Fe/Mo2C and Cu/Mo2C surfaces were active, selective and stable for converting glycerol into syngas, propylene, and acetol, respectively. The combination of TPD and HREELS also served as an example of utilizing surface spectroscopy to identify the reaction pathways and intermediates on model catalyst surfaces. This should, in turn, provide insights to guide the design of metal‐modified carbide catalysts for the upgrading of biomass‐derived oxygenates.

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Maximizing propylene production via FCC technology

Cited by 126 publications

References 82 publications

Reactivity of naphtha fractions for light olefins production

Reactivity of naphtha fractions for light olefins production

Olefins from Biomass Intermediates: A Review

Vibrational Spectroscopic Characterization of Glycerol Reaction Pathways over Metal‐Modified Molybdenum Carbide Surfaces

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