“…Unfortunately, solutions cannot be benchmarked against exact solutions or bounds obtained from solving IP models. GA is the most used meta‐heuristic to solve the FBSP and its variants (Elazouni and Metwally, , ; Ali and Elazouni, ; Abido and Elazouni, ; Fathi and Afshar, ; Elazouni and Abido, ; Alghazi et al., ; Alavipour and Arditi, , ). Other techniques include frog leap algorithm (Alghazi et al., ), ant colony optimization (Al‐Shihabi and AlDurgam, ), and general heuristics (Elazouni, ; Gajpal and Elazouni, ).…”