Maximizing biomass productivity of cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. through high-throughput bioprocess optimization and application in multiproduct biorefinery towards a holistic zero waste

Naturally Occurring Functional Ingredient from Filamentous Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. KC45: Phytochemical Characterizations and Their Multiple Bioactivities

“…The ethanol was used as a blank. The mixture was observed for absorbance at 250–700 nm wavelength (particularly, the critical wavelengths of 250 and 280 nm for UV-C range, 290 and 310 nm for UV-B range, 330 and 350 nm for UV-A range were chosen for comparison) using a UV spectrophotometer [ 6 ].…”

“…They have a high concentration of bioactive phytochemical substances, particularly pigments and phenolic compounds, both of which are known to be beneficial to human health [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. Pigments, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, are examples of hydrophobic pigments that are commonly present in biomass [ 6 ]. Phenolic compounds (polyphenols) are a diverse group of secondary bioactive substances that include the hydroxybenzoic acids (protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and syringic), hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic), flavan-3-ols (catechin and epicatechin), flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and apigenin), glycosides, and proanthocyanidins [ 5 ].…”

“…Cyanobacteria (also known as “blue-green algae”) are a great source of bioactive phytochemical substances that are good for our health because they have a lot of pigments and polyphenols [ 6 ]. Cyanobacteria are a large and varied group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, with an estimated 8000 species scattered over 150 genera.…”

“…There has been a lot of research that has looked at the phytochemical production of different cyanobacteria species, including Nostoc spp. [ 6 ], Aphanizomenon spp. [ 8 ], Phormidium spp.…”

“…In fact, a wide variety of bioactivities have been described for these compounds. Some examples are antihyperlipidemic [ 10 ], antiobesity [ 11 ], antidiabetic [ 12 ], antioxidant [ 5 , 6 ], anti-inflammatory [ 13 ], antiviral [ 14 ], antibacterial [ 15 ], antitumoral [ 13 ], antiallergic [ 16 ], and neuroprotective [ 17 ]. Hence, cyanobacteria have gained interest as a possible source of phytochemicals with wide-ranging practical uses.…”