Maximally selective single cell target for circuit control in epilepsy

Abstract

Sixty-five million people suffer from epilepsy and associated cognitive decline worldwide. Therefore, there is urgent need to identify novel mechanisms involved in epileptic network instability. Densely connected 'hub' neurons have been implicated as key controllers of developmental as well as epileptic circuits. While such hub cells are traditionally defined by connection count, how these connections contribute to interictal dynamics is not understood. We performed whole-brain single-cell calcium imaging of the larval zebrafish brain in an acute seizure model. Biologically constrained modeling of cell-cell effective interactions successfully reproduced experimental calcium dynamics and enabled hub identification. Simulated perturbation of single hub neurons in the preseizure state confirmed that such traditional hub cells can exert major influence over global dynamics. Novel higher-order graph analytics revealed that the sensitivity to perturbation is not simply linked to outgoing degrees but rather to overexpression of feedforward motifs surrounding the hub cells that enhance downstream excitation. Model- and species similarity of the key findings was supported by similar results from the hippocampus of chronically epileptic mice. Collectively, these data identify a specific class of high-order hub neuron that is richly involved in feedforward motifs as an attractive new target for seizure control.

Seizures initiate in zones of relative hyperexcitation in a zebrafish epilepsy model

“…PTZ is known to induce seizures in humans 34, 35 and lower seizure threshold in epileptic patients 36 . PTZ-induced seizures in the zebrafish occurred spontaneously, repeatedly, and throughout the brain, consistent with earlier reports 22, 26, 37, 38 . Furthermore, the ictal LFP had spectral features 39 similar to those observed in rodent models 40 and human patients 41 : at initiation, ictal events displayed an abrupt broad-frequency power increase, followed by a longer period where power was restricted to a slightly lower frequency range, concluding with a return to baseline power at the time of termination.…”