Maximal static respiratory pressures in children and adolescents

Abstract

This study was designed to establish reference values of maximal static respiratory pressures in children and adolescents in our community, and compare them with previous studies. Participants were recruited from three schools (randomly chosen from those located in the metropolitan area of the city of Valencia) after appropriate consent. None of the participants had a previous history of pulmonary, cardiac, and/or skeletal abnormalities, and all of them had normal spirometry. Forced spirometry (Spirotrac III, Vitalograph) and maximal inspiratory (P(ImaxRV)) and expiratory (P(EmaxTLC)) pressure values (Sibelmed 163) were obtained by the same investigator, following national guidelines (SEPAR 1990).We studied 392 subjects (185 males, 207 females) whose ages ranged from 8-17 years. The reproducibility of measurements was investigated in a subgroup of 88 participants (randomly selected from the total sample, and stratified for age and gender) by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (P(EmaxTLC), 0.98; P(ImaxRV), 0.95). P(EmaxTLC) and P(ImaxRV) values were significantly different between males and females (P < 0.0001) and were normally distributed. A stepwise, linear multiple regression model was built in each gender group (male/female) for the prediction of P(ImaxRV) and P(EmaxTLC) values. Independent variables (weight, height, and age) and their potential interactions were forced to enter the model in order to maximize the square of the multiple correlation coefficient of the resultant equation. This model turned out to be applicable (homoscedasticity, independence, and normality requirements) for P(ImaxRV) (in males and females) and for P(EmaxTLC) (in males but not in females). Variables included in the model were age and the product of weight and height. Their predictive power ranged between 0.21-0.51. In conclusion, P(ImaxRV) and P(EmaxTLC) values increase with age from 8 until 17 years. In all age groups, values were higher in males than in females. Weight, height, and age are included in the predictive equations for P(ImaxRV) (in males and females) and P(EmaxTLC) (in males). Their predictive value is similar to that reported by other authors and ranges between 0.21-0.51. This model is not suitable for the prediction of P(EmaxTLC) in females; the observed mean and range should be used instead.

Pulmonary function in adolescents with ataxia telangiectasia

“…21 In our population the low maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures may reflect decreased muscle mass. Prior studies in healthy individuals have shown that adolescent males generally have higher PI max and PE max values compared to females 21,22 and that this difference was secondary to greater muscle mass following puberty. 22 Although our sample size was small we found no difference in PI max or PE max values between genders.…”

“…Prior studies in healthy individuals have shown that adolescent males generally have higher PI max and PE max values compared to females 21,22 and that this difference was secondary to greater muscle mass following puberty. 22 Although our sample size was small we found no difference in PI max or PE max values between genders. The lack of difference in PI max and PE max values between genders may be due to delayed puberty and/or sedentary lifestyle, both of which are common and can be responsible for decreased muscle mass in adolescents with A-T. 23,24 Adolescent with A-T may also develop bulbar muscle weakness and decreased muscle coordination due to disease progression.…”

Comparação das pressões respiratórias máximas entre escolares das redes pública e privada

“…A maximum of nine maneuvers for MIP and MEP was carried out, as suggested by Domènech-Clar et al (10) . At least three acceptable maneuvers were obtained from these (with no leak and a duration of at least two seconds) and, between the acceptable ones, it was necessary to have at least two reproducible maneuvers (with values that differ from each other by no more than 10% of the higher value), of which the highest was used the greatest of these (19) .…”

“…Studies carried out in order to provide normal values for MRP in children showed, besides the existence of differences between the sexes for these measurements, a correlation of MRPs with weight (5,10) , age (5,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) and height (10)(11)(12) . This study works with the presupposition that there exists the possibility of differences in anthropometric characteristics, already established in the literature as predictors of respiratory muscle strength of children enrolled in public and private schools.…”

Equações internacionais superestimam a força muscular ventilatória em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística

“…Currently there are three international equations used for standardization of results in evaluations of ventilatory muscle strength of children under the age of 12 [11][12][13] ; however, the use of such equations may not reflect the actual ventilatory condition of patients, for they under-or overestimate the findings. Our study group has recently published reference values for ventilatory muscle strength in healthy preschool Brazilian children 14 .…”